Archeology Final

Front 1

________ is an expedient way to find ancient encampents that are buried 1- m below surface

Back 1

A survey of deep cutbank walls

Front 2

The concepts of neolithic and urban revolutions were developed by ______________

Back 2

V. Gordon childe

Front 3

One of the earliest attempts to use the archeological record to answer specific questions about he past was made by ___________

Back 3

Monarch Nabonidus

Front 4

The important book entitled Principles of Geology (1833) was written by__________

Back 4

Charles Lyell

Front 5

Universal transverse Mercator (UTM) served the same purposes as_______________

Back 5

longitude and latitude

Front 6

A hectare is roughly equal to ________

Back 6

2.5 acres

Front 7

____________ is the study of ancient human modification of the environment

Back 7

Landscape Archeology

Front 8

the most physically difficult surveying technique is_____________

Back 8

shovel testing

Front 9

three point provenience data is compromised of

Back 9

horizontal (x) vertical (y) and elevation (z)

Front 10

research designs are especially important for which of the following types of archaeological projects?

Back 10

test excavations, large-scale excavations, and surveys

Front 11

anthropology is a discipline that

Back 11

holistically studies humankind

Front 12

prior to the 1950s, archaeologists

Back 12

usually presented simple documentation

Front 13

hidden cave, which was excavated by the authors of your textbook,

Back 13

gave only limited insight into the lives of people who lived in the area

Front 14

based on the geological evidence, the footprints at Laetoli were determined to be approximatley

Back 14

3.5 million years old

Front 15

____________ is the cultural and natural actions that work together to create an archaeological site

Back 15

site formation

Front 16

________ attests that casual priority is assigned to the modes of production and reproduction, hence the principle of infrastructural determinism

Back 16

cultural materialism

Front 17

your textbook was written by

Back 17

robert kelly and david thomas

Front 18

which of the following is NOT an ecofact?

Back 18

woven grass basket

Front 19

which of the following field methods was most successful in finding unmarked graves at matagorda cemetery?

Back 19

backhoe/gradall excavation

Front 20

what is post processual archeology?

Back 20

view archaeology as inherently political and is more concerned with interpreting the past

Front 21

what is purpose of a vertical excavation?

Back 21

to expose a sequence of occupations in the same location

Front 22

GPS, Brunton pocket transit, a notebook, markers, and Ziploc bags are parts of:

Back 22

a surveyor's tool kit

Front 23

an ex-slave named George McJunkin found the site known as

Back 23

Folsom site

Front 24

which scholar confronted established archeologits in the 60s and 70s with a new way of studying the past, and a new agenda for documenting archeology?

Back 24

Lewis binford

Front 25

Discovery of the "Kennewick man" ___________ led to considerable controversy as to whether or not the remains were those of an ancient native american

Back 25

along the banks of the columbia river, washington

Front 26

as discussed in your textbook, paradigms provide overarching frameworks for understanding the __________

Back 26

human condition

Front 27

the richard beene site is buried in 15 m of fine

Back 27

grained alluvium

Front 28

which is not a subdisipline of anthropology

Back 28

primatology

Front 29

________ rejects systematic view of culture, says archeology is political, is subject to bias, and rejects the scientific method as a source of knowledge

Back 29

post processual archeology

Front 30

EXAM 2

Back 30

beyotchhh

Front 31

what diet staples can result in higher levels of carbon and nitrogen, respectivley, in teeth and bones?

Back 31

maize

meat

Front 32

the _____ is archeology's basic unite of space-time systematics, combining both spatial and temporal patterns in material culture

Back 32

phase

Front 33

faunal remains at an archeological site can help archeologists learn about__________

Back 33

all of the above

seasonality

socioeconomic status of individuals

amount of processing

approximate age of death

Front 34

________ is calculated by taking the number of examples of a given bone and dividing by the number of bones of that type which occur in an individual skeleton

Back 34

MNI

Front 35

camas is best dug_____and is_______

Back 35

in late summer

not equally nutritious year round

Front 36

_______ is a molecular analytic technique used to search for molecular signatures of inulin, a complex carbohydrate important in ancient diets around the world andon ancient FCR from Fort hood texas.

Back 36

Raman spectometry

Front 37

the portion of the kootenai river valley, a region often discussed often in lecture, is located in________

Back 37

Montana

Front 38

a ____ type is a _______ type that has temportal significance.

Back 38

temporal

morphological

Front 39

an archeologist is interested in dating a site that has fire-cracked rocks in earth ovens, no organic materials, and should be between 25,000 to 35,000 years old. which dating method should the archologist use to better define the age of the site?

Back 39

paleomagnetic

Front 40

at a site near the volcanic ash layer archeologists discovered human teeth, stone tools, and burned stones. based on the tools found, the archaeologists suspect that the site is more than 70,000 years old, but younger than 90,000. which dating method should archeologists use to better define the age of the site?

Back 40

Electron Spin Resonance (ESR)

Front 41

an archologist finds a charred peice of wood with 3 rings, a hearth, faunal remains, and a stone tool indicating the site is between 8,000 and 10,000 years old. which dating method should the archeologist use to better understand the age of the site?

Back 41

Radiocarbon

Front 42

a relative dating method that orders artifacts based on the assumption that one cultural style slowly replaces an earlier style over time is:

Back 42

seriation

Front 43

which of the following dating methods provides the most precise data?

Back 43

dendrochronology

Front 44

if the date of a historic site is undocumented, archologists might use which of the following techniques to provide a date?

Back 44

pipe stem dating

terminus post quem dating

Front 45

how is mitochondrial DNA inherited?

Back 45

from the mother

Front 46

a typology based on size/shape attributes is called ________ types

Back 46

morphological

Front 47

binford's ethnoarcheoligcal work with the nunamiut eskimo of alaksa demonstrated_______________

Back 47

that different artifact assemblages could result from different activities conducted by the same culture

Front 48

macrobotanical remains are likely to be preserved if they were

Back 48

all of the above

deposited in arid climates or dry climates

deposited in waterlogged context, such as wells or shipwrecks

burned and carbonized

Front 49

wood rat nests are useful for paleoenvironmental reconstruction because they can preserve a record of environmental change for ______

Back 49

thousands of years

Front 50

pollen helps reconstruct past environments because ____________

Back 50

different plant species produce differently shaped pollen

Front 51

if a bioarcheologist finds evidence of osteoarthritis in which bones have developed a distinct "lipping" at the point of articulation, he or she has found

Back 51

Osteophytes

Front 52

radiocarbon ages for archological components at the richard beene site were obtained from

Back 52

wood charcoal and soil bulk carbon

Front 53

archaeologists get a working handle on general variability in material culture through _________

Back 53

typologies

Front 54

which of the following is NOT used in experimentally building and using the earth oven in the northern rocky mountains of washington state?

Back 54

woven mat lids

Front 55

which of the following is not an accepted academic scenario for the possible fate of neanderthals

Back 55

all of the above

multiregional view

out of africa view

dissipation view

extinction view

Front 56

what is the index fossil concept?

Back 56

the idea that strata containing similar fossils are of similar ages

Front 57

which of the following is one problem with radiocarbon dating?

Back 57

similar plants with different carbon pathways will give different ages

Front 58

what is terminus post quem dating?

Back 58

the date limit after which a stratum or feature must have been deposited or created

Front 59

which of the following is NOT an example of middle level theory reasearch?

Back 59

pollen analysis

Front 60

what is experimental archeology?

Back 60

using controlled experiments to replicate the past under different conditions to look for links between human behavior and its archeolgoical consequenes

Front 61

what is ethnoarchaeology?

Back 61

the study of modern societies to see how behavior might be translated into the archological record

Front 62

what are archaeofauna or archaefloral assemblages?

Back 62

animal bones or plant remains found at archeological sites

Front 63

in archaeology, the term size class is used typically in reference to

Back 63

categorization of faunal remains, consisting of categories based on size

Front 64

TEST 3

Back 64

BEYOTCHHH

Front 65

the buckeye knoll site, located in/near ______ contained a _______ that were interpreted as a ceremonial item characteristic of high status individual

Back 65

victoria texas

projectile points

Front 66

the primary method for reconstructing male and female activities from the archeological record comes from

Back 66

ethnographic analogies

Front 67

_________ is the name of the culutal tradition that was widespread across much of the eastern United states from AD 800-1500 engaged in intensive village-based maize horticulture, and constructed earthen platform mounds

Back 67

mississippian

Front 68

_______ is a society's mechanism for relating supernatural phenomena to the everyday world, and enlisting supernatural powers to achieve or prevent transformations of state in humans and nature

Back 68

religion

Front 69

______ is the position held by Franz boas, which maintained that each culture is the product of its own unique sequence of developments and in which chance plays a major role in bringing about change

Back 69

historical particularism

Front 70

_____ is the period during which people began using ground stone tools, manufacturing ceramics, and relying on domesticated plants an animals

Back 70

neolithic

Front 71

one effect of the 19th century century's comparative method was

Back 71

the domination of primitive "people" by europeans was legitimized because it was seen as the natural order of things

Front 72

the ___________ proposed by robert careiro, attributes the origin of he state to a combination of population growth and limited agricultural resoures, which led to increased warfare, which in turn fostered centralized political organization

Back 72

warfare and circumscription hypothesis

Front 73

the earliest explorations in historical archeology were conducted to

Back 73

understand more about the investigator's own pasts

Front 74

the battle of the little bighorn, a battlefield that was investigated using historical archeology took place near the little bigorn river in

Back 74

Montana

Front 75

_____ is a major goal of critical theory

Back 75

social change

Front 76

if an archeological site is considered significant under the national historic preservation act, then it is

Back 76

elligible for the national register of historic places

Front 77

which of the following is NOT required under NAGPRA for institutions receiving federal funding

Back 77

institutions must reimburse the tribe affiliated with burials/grave good possessed by the institution

Front 78

the ________ are an egalitarian, hunter-gatherer society in Kalahari desert of southern africa

Back 78

!Kung San

Front 79

_________ is the cultivation in which only hands are used and in which plots of lands are used for a few years and hen allowed to lie fallow

Back 79

horticulture

Front 80

recent findings indicate that ______ were in the first plant species domesticated ca. 11400 years ago

Back 80

figs

Front 81

evidence of the first domestication in the world occurs in

Back 81

fertile crescent

Front 82

which is not a characteristic that differentiates historical archeology from prehistoric archeology?

Back 82

historical archeology is the only field that uses ethnographic analogy

Front 83

which of the following does NAGPRA 2010 amendment: dispostion of culturally unidentifie remains NOT do

Back 83

reinter (i.e rebury) the remains without consulting with native american groups

Front 84

the US president that was given authority to create national monuments under which of the following?

Back 84

the antiquities act

Front 85

the name of the paradigm that holds that human culture is the expression of unconscious modes of thought and reasoning, notably binary opposition is

Back 85

structuralism

Front 86

which of the following archeological cultures is/are considered/argued to be representative of a chiefdom?

Back 86

moundsville

Front 87

more ancient symbolic systems must be studied in ways that make use of uniformitarian elements of ______ though these remain to be demonstrated

Back 87

human neurology

symbolic universals

Front 88

although individual sites were protected through specific pieces of legislation or by the actions of concerned citizens, the first legislation to protect all sites on public lands was the

Back 88

1906 antiquities act

Front 89

the ________ are among the plateau tribes that share widespread conviction to maintain their cultural identity, as is the case everywhere in north america, although working relationships with archeologists vary considerably from tribe to tribe

Back 89

kootenai

Front 90

some 400 "prehistoric" (i.e,. pre-columbian sites were found in and near lake koocanusa and numerous were tested to determine whether they were contributing members of MKAD: those that were contributory exhibited integrity in the form of _______

Back 90

intact cooking features

Front 91

previously historical and archeological studies made it clear that the proposed applewhite reservoir area was likely to contain significant historic properties that were eligible for inclusion on the ______ or as state archaeological landmarks

Back 91

NRHP

Front 92

the city of san antonio abandoned the applewhite reservoir project, based on______ which meant that he san antonio water system lost its USACE 404 permit and the remainder of the archeological work was done under a state antiquities permit

Back 92

two public referenda

Front 93

which of the following is not a symbol

Back 93

a cave painting of a deer

Front 94

what is one of the roles of ideology in state formation?

Back 94

used to rationalize exploitative relations between classes or social groups?

Front 95

what was the impetus for constructing a stockade at camp ford?

Back 95

fear of the POWs and the slaves uniting in rebellion