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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Radiocarbon Dating |
Measures the decay of Carbon14 isotopes. Charcoal, bone, and other organic material can be dated with this method. Used for sites younger than 40 000 years. |
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Argon Dating |
Identifies the time of a volcanic eruption. Can be used on sites in contexts where there are layers of volcanic ash. |
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Paleomagnetic Dating |
Measures the reversal of the earth's magnetic field. |
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Thermoluminescence |
Used to measure the uptake of radioactive material. Used to date soils, animal teeth, and blunt flint. (measure how radioactive it is- specimens exposed to sunlight emit radiation) |
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Stratigraphy |
Study of layers and sediments deposited over time. Allows for relative dating. |
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Law of Superposition
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In an undisturbed depositional sequence, it states that each layer is younger than the other. |
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Typology |
Classification/ identification - Francois Bordes (typology of stone tools) |
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Survey Design |
- Find Sites, Find Distribution of Sites, Determine destruction of site - Style of survey reflects the intention of site
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Attribute Analysis |
Attribute - a defining characteristic of an artifact |
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Context |
it's important Location of artifact of feature in the archeological record |
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In Situ |
An artifact where you found it |
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Vertical Excavation |
For a site with multiple periods of excavation Focus on digging a small, deep area |
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Horizontal Excavation |
Focusing on one period of excavation, a wdie, shallow |
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Basic features of Stone Tools |
- oldest found 2.5 million ya - reductive process to make them - choppers, handaxes, scrapers - have a bulb of percussion - a striking platform |
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Hadar |
Site with oldest stone tools |
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NMI (Number of Minimum Individuals) |
Based on how many bones are in the animal and how many bones you found. Whichever number is highest in the NMI (often underestimates) |
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NISP |
Counts each bone and fragment as one unit How many bones there are in the site is the number of specimens (often overestimate) |
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New Archeology of Processual Archeology |
A theory that focuses on studying humans/society. A more anthropological approach. Strongly emphasizes use of scientific method. Lewis Binford |
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Post - Processual Archeology |
The response - Ian Hodder Scientific method can be flawed - like interpretation more than facts. An emphasis on subjectivism. Somewhat influenced by Marxism. |
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The Three Age system |
Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, - Developed by CJ Thompson. (Chalcolithic - recently added between Stone Age and Bronze Age) |
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V. Gordon Childe |
Known for Marxist Archeological Theory Chief founders of the cultural/historical approach to Archeology |
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Hominid |
Taxonomic family of primates. Refers to our clade after we split from last common ancestor of chimps. |
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Radiation |
An evolutionary term. A single species that quickly splits into different species. |
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Dispersal |
A Geographic term of species dispersing over time |
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Homo Erectus |
A hominin. Generalist. Go from choppers to handaxes. (dates) |
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Neanderthals |
Mousterian stone tool technology. Lived in Europe contemporary to Modern humans. Arrived in Europe before humans. (dates) |
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Lavallois |
A technique of making stone tools, largely attributed to Neanderthals. A flake tool technology. Shows forethought. |
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Modern Humans |
Homo sapiens. Defined by it's anatomy not by it's behaviour. Show up 200 000-190 000 ya. 2nd migration pulse out of Africa next to Homo Erectus and took over. |
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Acheuelean |
Stone tool industry characterized by hand axes and soft percussion techniques. ie: bones |
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Middle Paleolithic |
300 000 - 45 000 ya Characterized by the Mousterian stone tool industry. The period that saw us expand out of Africa . Rise in art. |
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Howiesons Poort |
A lithic technology in the middle stone age in South Africa. Composite weapons, Geometric back blades |
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Aurignacian |
Archeological culture in the Upper Paleolithic. 45-35 000 ya. Known for advancements in art/ earliest signs of religion. ie: Venus statue |
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Megafaunel |
Large fauna, now exinct due to climate change/ hunting by humans.
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Clovis |
North American Culture named after the site Clovis - characterized by their distinct style of spear point. Early and widespread in southern north america. |
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Glacial Lake Algonquin |
The Pre-curser to Great Lakes. After Ice age receded left tons of water that turned into Great Lakes. |
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Agassiz and Minong |
Great Lakes Formed 12 000 years ago. |
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Onondaga chert |
A chert (flint) from a specific quarry in Onondaga territory. |
