Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Artifact |
Objects that have been modified by humans |
|
|
Ecofact |
Natural things that were preserved |
|
|
Features |
Nonportable remnants from the past Ex: Walls, house, outhouse, etc |
|
|
Site |
Precise geographical location that contains remains of human activity in the past |
|
|
Band |
Form of social organization -found among foragers *less than 50 people *labor divided by age and gender, but material is usually divided equally |
|
|
Caste |
Hierarchically stratified society that doesn't allow individuals from moving from one caste to another ***"a handmaid's tale" |
|
|
State |
Stratified society; *** those who control a monopoly designed governmental institutions to enforce laws, taxes, etc
|
|
|
Chiefdom |
Social organization Leader (and relatives) allowed priveledge acesses to wealth, power, prestige 2000-5000 people **ascribed status |
|
|
Class system |
Hierarchically stratified society *membership within society defined by weslth, occupation, etc. |
|
|
Culture |
Set of behaviors/values learned bY being a member of a society. |
|
|
Dendrochronology |
Tree-ring dating |
|
|
Domestication |
Specific plants/animals become more useful to people through human interference of its reproduction |
|
|
Egalitarian system |
No difference in status as a result of wealth, occupation, power, etc. |
|
|
Foraging |
Hunters/gathers/fishermen Food varied by season but was always different |
|
|
Horticulture |
Extensive agriculture Minimal gardening; enough for their family |
|
|
Agriculture |
Increase productivity of plants/animals by modifying things about them |
|
|
Kpelle moot |
decide local problems and administer justice with a public hearing . Leader, or "house palaver" would decide who is in the wrong. It's similar to a court hearing, in my opinion |
|
|
Market exchange |
buying/selling commodities under competitive conditions in which the forces of supply and demand determined value. Currency is required |
|
|
Material culture |
Objects we have given cultural meanings to |
|
|
Modes of economic exchange |
Reciprocity, redistribution and market exchange |
|
|
Neolithic revolution |
"New stone age"; 10,300 years ago Began when domestication of plants appeared |
|
|
Pastoralism |
Herding |
|
|
Potassium-argon dating |
method of dating rocks based upon the decay of radioactive potassium |
|
|
Power (politcal, wealth, prestige) |
Ability to transform a given situation |
|
|
Radio-carbon dating |
determining the age of an object containing organic material |
|
|
Rank system |
Closer relatives of the chief have higher rank or social status than more distant ones Ascribed Vs achieved rank |
|
|
Reciprocity |
The exchange of goods/services of equal value Generalized: time/value of return isn't specified Balanced: return of equal value has time limit Negative: hope to get nothing for something |
|
|
Redistribution |
Centralized social organization to receive/redistribute in order to provide for every memeber |
|
|
Sedentism |
Settling down in one place |
|
|
Social stratification |
Form of social organization -unequal access to wealth, power, prestige |
|
|
Status |
Achieved: social positions are earned Ascribed: social positions assigned at birth |
|
|
Statigraphy |
Soil over time accumulates; An inch every 100 years or so? *relative dating |
|
|
Subsistence |
Different ways a group of people meet their basic survival needs |
|
|
Surplus |
Exceeds the required amount |
|
|
Tribe |
Society Larger than a band -typically are herders -mostly egalitarian; may have leader to organize |
|
|
Urban revolution |
transformed into large, socially complex, urban societies |
|
|
Archeology |
human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites, artifacts and ecofacts |
|
|
Archeology goals |
Reconstruct/interpret behavior and culture patterns **physical matter = material culture |
|
|
Archeological methods |
Surverys/samples dirt |
|
|
Why Is trash a good source of information? |
1.) people will often tell an interviewer what they believe is appropriate behavior 2.) Can show true diet/used resources |
|
|
Pros/cons of industrialized agriculture |
Pros: Mass production Job opportunities Specialization Domestication Cons: Domestication Caste system/social inequality Easy spread of disease Less nutrition |
|
|
6 Characteristics of states |
food surplus large dense population labor specialization social stratification monumental works written records |
|
|
City-state characteristics |
small government 5000-20,000 marked by a city wall/marketplace |
|
|
Factors for state decline |
over use/lack of resources crop failures Internal/external conflict
|
|
|
Forms of social organization |
Band Tribe Chiefdom State |
