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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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V. Gordon Childe
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Coined the phrase "neolithic revolution" and "urban revolution"
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Neolithic Revolution - Agriculture
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Replaces hunter/gatherers
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Neolithic Revolution - Sedentism
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Replaces Nomadic tribes, more children, leads to state societies
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Neolithic Revolution - New Technology
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Ceramics (food reserves), mortar and pestles, tools for planting, harvesting, processing, microliths, animal domestication
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China - 3 Types of Evidence
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Archaeological, Historical (Sima Qian), Excavated text (oracle bones, inscriptions on bronzes)
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China - Bronze Age Dynasties
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Xia, Shang*, Zhou
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China - Yinxu
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-Capital City
-First site excavated by China -Set a precedent for archaeology today because of Bronze Age |
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China - Xibeigang
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Lady Fu Hao's tomb - discovered in tact
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China - Qin Empire
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Standardized system of weights, language, coins
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China - Terracotta Army
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Burial, various rooms, showed the social make-up of the army
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China - Shihuangdi Mausoleum
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-Burial place of the first emperor
-Not allowed to excavate -Hasn't been touched |
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Mesopotamia - 7 Attributes of Complex Societies
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1. Urban settlement
2. State level of society 3. Accumulation of surplus 4. Ranked societies 5. Writing system 6. Craft specialization 7. Monumental art, architecture |
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Mesopotamia - Settlement of Eridu
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Established trade networks, development of temples, management of surplus
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Mesopotamia - Early Somarians
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Invention of writing, cylinder seals (personal identity), first official city
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Mesopotamia - Ur
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-Leonard Wooly - systematic excavation
-Royal buildings, temples, public and private buildings - urban development |
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Mesopotamia - Royal Cemetery
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Royal tombs and common graves - ranked society
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Mesopotamia - Somarian Legacy
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-First city
-First monumental temples -Cylinder seals -Cuneiform writing |
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Stonehenge - Phase 1
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Henge (big mound circle)
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Stonehenge - Phase 2
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Two stone cirlces
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Stonehenge - Phase 3
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Sarsen cirlce and trilithons with lintels, with horseshoe bluestones, avenue
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Stonehenge - Uses
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Ritual, ceremonial, only for elite members (because of size)
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Stonehenge - Importance
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-Only henge and stone circle
-Evidence of chiefdom (because of size) -Neolithic-Bronze Age period |
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Aegean - Homer
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-Writer of the Iliad and the Odyssey
-Proved Troy existed during the Bronze Age |
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Schliemann
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-Excavated Troy and stole Priam's treasure
-Rich and a liar -Learned from mistakes |
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Aegean - Priam's Treasure
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-Stolen from the site of Troy in (Turkey)
-Quite possibly not real -Based off of a myth |
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Aegean - Troy History
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-Nine cities
-Citadel (fortress) with lower city |
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Egypt - Mastaba
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-Rectangular funerary monument
-Below is a burial chamber -First pyramid prototype |
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Egypt - Step Pyramid
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-Djoser - creator of the step pyramid (many mastabas on top of one another)
-Sneferu - bent and red pyramid -Giza pyramids (the ones we see today) |
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Jean Francois Champillion
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French man who used the Rosetta Stone to translate hieroglyphics (hieroglyphics, ancient greek and demotic)
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Egypt - Partage System
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-Gave wealthy aristocrats permits to excavate the land of Egypt
-Half went to concession holder and half to Egypt (except Tut's tomb) |
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Egypt - Layout of Tut's Tomb
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-Corridor (signs of break in)
-Antechamber -Annex -Burial Chamber -Treasury (should be able to draw it) |
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Egypt - Significance of Tut's Tomb
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-More or less untouched
-Systematic excavation -End of partage system -Icon of popular culture |
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Difference between Neolithic and Bronze Age
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-Neolithic - tribal farmers, 4000-2500BC, small villages by woodlands
-Bronze Age - chiefdoms, 2500-1500BC, emergence of social ranking, use of metal |
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Egypt - Size of Pyramids
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-Khufu - Great Pyramid
-Khafre - smaller with Sphinx -Menkaure - smaller pyramid |
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Egypt - Davis, Carter and Carnarvon
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-Davis - took advantage of Partage system, no experience
-Carter - excavated Tut's tomb -Carnarvon - payed for Carter to excavate |
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Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Time Line
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7000BC - Influx of indo-Europeans into Greece
5800BC - Permanent farming villages, rise of chiefdoms 3000BC - Bronze technology perfected, appearance of bronze grave goods = wealth 2500BC - Urban settlements |
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Bronze = ?
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Copper + Tin
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Mycenaean - Key Features of Civilization
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-Large scale agriculture production
-Specialized craft production -Long distance trade -Religion supported by the state -Social stratification based on wealth -Monumental public works -Script used for administration |
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Mycenae - Architecture
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-Grave circle B - a lot of people in grave, death masks
-Grave circle A - less people, deeper, more ornaments, jewelry, death masks -Lion gate - post and lintel -Citadel and megaron (palace) -Cult center -Artificial stone mountain (tombs) |
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Mycenaean - Linear B
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-Type of scripture
-Deciphered by Michael Ventris |
