Archaeology Of The Old World Exam 3

Front 1

Who defeated Athens and Thebes which brought an end to Helenistic Greece: his Father was assassinated: he attacked phoenecia: associated himself with the gods: developed infrastructure to maintain empire: his competitor was Carthage which was ruled by a queen and founded by Phoenecians

Back 1

Alexander the Great

Front 2

Which city conquered Greece?

Back 2

Rome

Front 3

Which city was founded in a good location near the Tiber River: had a republic form that was central to Rome's story: sewer systems, shrines

Back 3

Rome

Front 4

Which 2 cultural values helped expand Rome?

Back 4

Military leadership and Political skill

Front 5

Who helped Rome extend beyond the Mediterranean during the conquest of France?

Back 5

Julius Caesar

Front 6

Who became leader of Rome after Caesar and reformed taxation to where people did not pay taxes?

Back 6

Augustus

Front 7

What was the maximum population of Rome?

Back 7

1 million people

Front 8

Who helped suppress rebellions in Rome?

Back 8

Legions of Rome: citizen soldiers and subjugated people

Front 9

What became the state religion of the Roman empire?

Back 9

Christianity: tried to unite splintering empire, but splits anyway, led to political evolution and cultural exchange between greeks and romans

Front 10

Which tool set consisted of big scrapers, bone tools, microliths?

Back 10

Oakhurst Complex

Front 11

Which site in South Africa consisted of Rock Art, mammal quadruped depictions?

Back 11

Apollo II Cave

Front 12

Where in Africa did they rely on aquatic resources and shift to obsidian microliths?

Back 12

East Africa/Kenya

Front 13

Where were there foragers who used quartz microliths, grinding stones that indicated intensification, and yams?

Back 13

West Africa

Front 14

Where and what was the 1st domesticate?

Back 14

Millet in West Africa

Front 15

What fruit came from Asia that indicated trade?

Back 15

Banana

Front 16

Where was metal working common?

Back 16

North Africa

Front 17

Where was iron melting common, cattle, villages?

Back 17

South AFrica

Front 18

Who settled Madagascar?

Back 18

People from Indonesia

Front 19

What helped African people farm due to silt deposits?

Back 19

Nile Floods

Front 20

What were common trends in Pre-Dynastic Egypt?

Back 20

Grains, complexity, trade with SW Asia, copper/silver smithing

Front 21

Where were settlements found in Egypt?

Back 21

Up and down the Nile River

Front 22

What did these settlements consist of?

Back 22

Low-density populations and walled cities

Front 23

What buried previous archaeological cities in Egypt?

Back 23

Newer cities and nile flooding

Front 24

What was the central city of Egypt for most of its existence?

Back 24

Founding city of Memphis that had a reliance on writing

Front 25

Which Egyptian dynasty was the beginning of Pyramid building?

Back 25

Third Dynasty

Front 26

What was the steppe pyramid that was 200 foot tall where the king was buried in the middle: demonstration of administrative power

Back 26

Saqqara

Front 27

Which dynasties made up the Old Kingdom of Egypt?

Back 27

Fourth through eighth

Front 28

What characteristics made up the Old Kingdom of Egypt?

Back 28

Stability and Growth, organized around a Pharoah who was religious power, deity between God and Earth, he was responsible for Nile floods

Front 29

Who built the pyramid tombs of Giza, stretching the state's economic resources to the limit and using force to achieve their goals and keep the populace in check?

Back 29

Khufu and Khafre

Front 30

In particular, who built the great pyramid?

Back 30

Khufu

Front 31

What came with the collapse of the old kingdom?

Back 31

Shift away from Pharoahs

Front 32

What was the climate like in the Nile Valley during the last millennia of the Ice Age?

Back 32

Rich, diverse habitat, abounding in game of all sizes and in wild vegetable foods

Front 33

Which site in Upper Egypt consists of tiny settlements, stone tools, bones, and charcoal that lay atop sandy dunes about 2 miles from the narrow Nile floodplain?

Back 33

Wadi Kubbaniya 17000-15000 B.C.

Front 34

What type of people were the Wadi?

Back 34

Foragers

Front 35

Which culture was from central Egypt, best known from microlithic tools found at riverside campsites near the Nile?

Back 35

Qadan culture 10,000 B.C.

Front 36

Where did most group settle?

Back 36

Near permanent water supplies because the Nile floods were so unpredictable

Front 37

What did the end of the Ice Age bring to northern Africa?

Back 37

INcreased rainfall, raging floods, swept away fertile soils

Front 38

6,000 B.C., drought cycles became longer in the Sahara, how did people respond?

Back 38

Settled closer to permanent water, where they faced the same problem as the people of the Nile: seasonal food shortages and the constant threat of starvation

Front 39

Why did farming begin along the Nile?

Back 39

People were living in an unpredictable riverine environment and they wanted to amplify their food supplies, these same cereals became domesticated

Front 40

Where is domesticated barley known from?

Back 40

Nabta Playa site in Western Desert: 6,000 B.C.

Front 41

What type of settlement were Nabta Playa people living in?

Back 41

Large settlements with houses set in rows or in an arc, as many as 14 families lived in the villages, low pit houses sunk into the ground

Front 42

Where did small fishing camps reside, who did not use cereals?

Back 42

Fayum Depression

Front 43

Did the Fayum people build permanent villages or was their environment too unpredictable to allow complete dependence on agriculture?

Back 43

Too unpredictable

Front 44

Where was a cluster of oval houses built half underground and roofed with mud sticks?

Back 44

Merimde 3900 B.C. Near the Nile Delta

Front 45

Where did the Merimde people bury their dead?

Back 45

Cemeteries overlooking the Nile, where the graves would not take up valuable agricultural land

Front 46

Which two regions formed Egypt?

Back 46

Lower and Upper

Front 47

Which community was the first sign of social differentiation in Egyptian society?

Back 47

Nekhen

Front 48

What was used to adorn tombs?

Back 48

Red Plum Pottery

Front 49

What was one royal tomb adorned with?

Back 49

Small paintings depicting a ruler smiting his enemies and sitting under an awning?

Front 50

Which artifact is carved on both sides with scenes commemorating King Narmer of Nekhen?

Back 50

Narmer palette

Front 51

Which culture flourished over much of the delta, made up of small towns and farming villages, Lower Egypt, major trading center, large, roofed oval or rectangular cellars?

Back 51

Maadi

Front 52

Which site contained many imports such as seashells, ostrich eggshells, mother of pearl, where dead were buried in cemeteries, body wrapped in a mat or coarse fabric and placed on its left side, facing south?

Back 52

El-Omari

Front 53

What is the form of picture-writing?

Back 53

Hieroglyphs

Front 54

Where was writing probably first developed and Egyptian priests developed their own script?

Back 54

Mesopotamia

Front 55

What was the long and complex period of consolidation, powerful local chiefdoms into a unified whole?

Back 55

Archaic period

Front 56

What was the skill that was valued above all other crafts?

Back 56

Reading and writing, key to controlling the labor of hundreds or thousands of people

Front 57

Where are the earliest pharaohs found?

Back 57

Abydos

Front 58

How many dynasties of pharaohs did the Old Kingdom of Egypt see?

Back 58

Four

Front 59

Who built the pyramid tombs of Giza?

Back 59

Khufu and Khafre

Front 60

what was the first state of its size in history?

Back 60

Egypt

Front 61

What was the period of political weakness in Egpyt?

Back 61

The Late Period