Archaeology Of The Old World

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Around or near glaciers

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Periglacial

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A more focused exploitation of food resources

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Intensification

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Stone artifact of diminutive size, usually employed for arrow and spear barbs

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Microliths

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Permanent settlement at one location for all, or sometimes most, of the year, and over more than one year

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Sedentism

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The region of the eastern Mediterranean and its immediate hinterland

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Levant

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A widely used general label in Old World archaeology that refers to Stone Age farmers who did not have the use of metals

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Neolithic

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Agriculture and animal domestication

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Food Production

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That part of Central America where state-organized societies developed

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Mesoamerica

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Term used by archaeologists to refer to those areas of Peru and adjacent countries where state-organized societies developed

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Andean Region

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A method of recovering plant remains by passing them through screens and water

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Flotation

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A method using electron microscopes for studying the micromorphology of seeds

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Scanning electron microscopy

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Vegetable Tissues

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Phytoliths

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Animal Herders

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Pastoralists

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A hinge that joins a seed to a plant

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Rachis

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Volcanic rock prized for its easy working properties, sharp edges, and ornamental appearance

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Obsidian

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A curve of territory encompassing the Nile and Jordan valleys and the uplands of Iran and lower Mesopotamia (cradle of early civilization).

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Fertile Crescent

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Metallurgy, specialists, and food surpluses caused a revolution in human life and urban civilization

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Urban Revolution

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Mesopotamian script made by stamping clay tablets with a wedge-shaped stylus. Long used as an international diplomatic script in the ancient eastern Mediterranean world.

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Cuneiform

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Complex, relatively dense settlements with a degree of organizational complexity well beyond that of a village or town.

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Cities

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A large scale society with strongly centralized government and marked social stratification. 1st of these were in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and India. Larger than cities, difference between elites and commoners.

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State

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Collections of states brought together under one system of rule. Multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, and multi-religious.

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Empire