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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Emporio
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site on Chios in Asia Minor; settled in the 8th century, abandoned by 600; "acropolis" was surrounded by a wall; had free-standing houses dispersed over a wide-open area; had "Megaron Hall" and Temple of Athena
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Zagora
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site on Andros; settled by 800, abandoned around 700; centralized houses that shared party walls; open courtyard with communal temple; practiced animal husbandry and long-distance trade with Greece; had "big men" or basileis who lived in "rulers' dwellings" and had religious & secular control; unified, communal building settlement
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Submycenaean period
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1100-1050
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Protogeometric period
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1050-900
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Geometric period
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900-700
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Late Geometric period
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L. 8th C.
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Orientalizing period
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700-600
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Archaic period
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600-480
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Classical period
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480s-330s
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Hellenistic period
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330s-Roman conquest (2nd C.)
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Increase in number of burials means..
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Greater cross-section of society (e.g. both rich and poor) being buried
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Dreros
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site on Crete, had column bases, central hearth, repository (box), and bench; figurines in the sphyrelaton technique were found on the bench and thought to be Apollo, Leto, and Artemis
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Koukounaries
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site on Paros, had a temple of Athena (late 8th-early 7th century)
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Etreria
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site on Euboea, had a sanctuary to Apollo which included a "rulers' dwelling" (9th-early 8th centuries) and a hekatompedon or "100 footer" (c. 725 BCE) associated with outside altar
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A. Mazarakis-Ainian
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proposed that cult activities took place in "rulers' dwellings"
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Apsidal peristyle
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added to temple sites/rulers' dwellings at Thermon in Aetolia in the L. 8th-E. 7th C.
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Sanctuary of Hera on Samos
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did not have a rulers' dwelling, just an altar (earliest phase is 10th C. BCE) --> hekatompedon added L. 8th-E. 7th C) --> peristyle added around 700 BCE --> columns pushed out to the side of the building to line the walls in the mid 7th C.
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hieron
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sanctuary
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Features of a sanctuary
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altar, precinct, temple, auxiliary buildings and facilities
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10 major gods
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Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Ares, Hermes, Hephaistos, Aphrodite, Athena, Apollo, and Artemis
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4 variable gods
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Demeter, Dionysos, Hades, and Hestia
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thusia
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bloody and burnt sacrifice
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Victims of sacrifice
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ox, sheep, goat, pig, chicken
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Auxerre "Goddess"
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c. 640 BCE; cult statue or votive dedication?
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Mantiklos Apollo
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Thebes; c. 700-675 BCE; given as an anticipatory offering from Mantiklos, asking for some good favor
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Votives from Samian Heraoin
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found in 7th century wells; wood iterms, ivory items, more "rustic" or common items
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Major Phoenician cities
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Tyre, Sidon, Berytos (Beirut), and Byblos
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What encouraged Phoenicians to migrate
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Regular tribute paid to Assyria by mid 9th C. BCE
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Main types of Phoenician settlements
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Small trading posts and larger, urban trading posts
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Example of small trading post
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Toscanos (L. 8th C. BCE); had a storehouse; other such sites had small temples
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Example of larger, urban ports of trade
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Gadir (Roman Gades, modern Cadiz); 8th C. BCE; had associated cemetery and multiple sanctuaries
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"Dipylon Lady"
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figure found at Athens; made of ivory, wore a polos, and had rigid, arms-flat-to-the-side pose (all signs of eastern influences)
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Kommos
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site near Phaitos; Phoenician transport amphorae (jars) were found here; also had a Phoenician tri-pillar shrine, which was iconological sign of Phoenicia
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Al Mina
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port city on the Levantine Coast, found to contain 8th C. Euboean pottery and (7th or) 6th C. warehouses
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Pithekoussai
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island site; had cemetery, domestic architecture --> first sign of Greek settlement eastward; population between 5,000 and 10,000
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Emporion
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(smaller) foreign trading post
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Apoikia
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"home away from home"; founded by a mother polis
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Megara Hyblaia
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founded by Megara; public areas were set aside and reserved for public or religious buildings and built by mid 7th C. BCE
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Reason for Greek and Phoenician westward expansion
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The Greek situation; various pressures (population, land-hunger, political), commerce/trade; trade of metals
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Posidonia (later Paestum in Campania)
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mid 7th C.; division of plots of both the astu (city) and chora (country-side)
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abecedarium
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teaches alphabet
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8th-7th century private inscriptions (short)
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used for simple names and labels
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8th-7th century private inscriptions (long)
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used more for dedications, e.g. the Dipylon Oinechoe (Athens, c. 740 BCE), the Cup of Nestor (Pithekoussai, c. 735-720 BCE), Tataie's lekythos (Cumae, c. 675-650 BCE), the Mantiklos Apollo (Thebes, c. 650 BCE), and Nikandre Dedication (Delos, c. 650-625 BCE)
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8th-7th century uses
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simple labels, abecedaria, humorous or experimental graffiti, dedications
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7th-6th century public inscriptions
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law codes, boundary markers
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Dreros "law code"
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c. 650-625 BCE; set "term limits" for the kosmos/leader
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Late geometric figural scenes (c. 750 BCE)
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chariot processions, man vs. beast, prothesis scenes (wakes which show mourners), ekphora scenes (bringing body out to be buried)
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Common elements in the asty
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sanctuary of the patron deity; agora (a meeting or market-place); theater; houses and cemeteries
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Parts of a Greek theater
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theatron (observing play), orchestra (chorus sings from here), skene, proskenion (stage and backdrop), parados (sidewalk, main entrance)
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Key feature of Hippodamian plans
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90 degree angles
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Olynthos
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city in the Chalkidike; founded in 432 BCE, destroyed by Philip II in 348 BCE; excavations led by David M. Robinson; 10 houses per block (insulae); 6-8 people lived in each house; had alleys, party walls, and common roofs
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Sites designed by Hippodamos
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Miletos, Rhodes, and Piraeus (port of Athens)
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Priene in Ionia
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founded in mid 4th C. BCE; had agora, theatre, sanctuary, acropolis, etc.; shows grid patern (rigid adherence to grid pattern despite poor topography)
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andronitis
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men's place
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gunaikonitis
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women's place
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kore
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female grave marker
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kouros
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male grave marker
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Main Mediterranean produce
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olives, grapes, and cereals (barley and wheat)
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Main Mediterranean produce
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olives, grapes, and cereals (barley and wheat)
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threshing
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initial processing of grains
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threshing
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initial processing of grains
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winowing
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separates the wheat from the chaff by throwing both into the air and letting the wind blow away the chaff
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winowing
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separates the wheat from the chaff by throwing both into the air and letting the wind blow away the chaff
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Attica's rural characteristics
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had terraces for produce such as olives; farmhouses such as Legraina, Palaia Kopraisia
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Attica's rural characteristics
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had terraces for produce such as olives; farmhouses such as Legraina, Palaia Kopraisia
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Thasos
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marble quarries
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Thasos
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marble quarries
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Gold found at...
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Mt. Pangaion (Thrace) and Thasos
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Gold found at...
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Mt. Pangaion (Thrace) and Thasos
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Silver at...
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Mt. Pangaion (Thrace) and Thasos, Attica, and Siphnos
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Silver at...
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Mt. Pangaion (Thrace) and Thasos, Attica, and Siphnos
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General trend in art
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naturalism
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General trend in art
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naturalism
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