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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
3 stereotypes
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treasure, spectacular sites, high-profile issues
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basic definition of archaeology
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the science/study of the past
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layman anthropologist definition of archaeology
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the study of prehistoric people or lifeways
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advanced definition of archaeology
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archaeology is the study of past humans and their behaviors through their material remains
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3 types of archaeology
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prehistoric, historic, pseudoarchaeology
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The physical remains/traces produced by past human activities/behaviors on the world
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archaeological record
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Means used by archaeologists to find, recover, preserve, describe, or analyze remains/traces of past human activities
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methods used to study archaeological record
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Info/ideas used to assess meaning of remains/traces of human activity
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archaeological theory
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First archaeologist
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Nabonidus
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Looked to physical residues of antiquity to answer questions about past
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Nabonidus
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Distinguished between present and past
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Renaissance
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Looked to antiquity for moral philosophy
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Petrarch
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Wanted to imitate classical civilizations, so had to study them (classical archaeology)
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Petrarch
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Led to rediscovery of past by those in Western European intellectual tradition
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Petrarch
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Established modern discipline of archaeology
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Pizzicolli
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Studied Anglo-Saxon law and writings
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Society of Antiquaries
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Said that people had right to rebel against king
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Society of Antiquaries
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Proved existence of very ancient man
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Boucher de Perthes
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Antiquity of humankind was accepted in...
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...1859
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Efficient and organized annual archaeological campaigns
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C.B. Moore
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Riverboat archaeology
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C.B Moore
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First used stratigraphy
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Nes Nelson
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Fascinated with lore of Native Americans
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Nes Nelson
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First American PhD in archeology of North America
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A.V. “Ted” Kidder
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Promoted controlled excavation and analysis
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A.V. “Ted” Kidder
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Modified stratigraphy to construct cultural chronology of SW
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A.V. “Ted” Kidder
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Proved potential of aerial reconnaissance
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A.V. “Ted” Kidder
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Refined techniques to place stages of pottery development (seriation), which helped in establishing chronology of findings
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James A. Ford
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Criticized elders of community, including A.V. Kidder and his research
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Walter W. Taylor
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A Study of Archaeology
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Walter W. Taylor
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Accused archaeologists of compiling trait lists- classifying and describing artifacts for no real purpose- wanted them to quantify data and find meanings, test those hypotheses
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Walter W. Taylor
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New archaeology
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1960s
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Proposed that artifacts be examined in terms of their cultural contexts and be interpreted in their roles as reflections of technology, society, and belief systems
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Lewis R. Binford
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Promoted precise, unambiguous scientific methods
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Lewis R. Binford
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Archaeological investigation of disenfranchised groups
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Kathleen A. Deagan
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Spanish-Indian intermarriage and descent (mestizos)
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Kathleen A. Deagan
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The study of all aspects of humankind, employing an all-encompassing holistic approach
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anthropology
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3 types of anthro
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biological, cultural, linguistic
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The study of humans as biological organisms
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biological anthropology
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The study of nonbiological aspects of humans- learned social, linguistic, technological, and familial behaviors
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cultural anthropology
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Questioning and observing people while living in their society
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participant observation
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People who study one culture in detail
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ethnographers
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The study of language use
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linguistic anthropology
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3 parts of culture
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learned, shared, symbolic
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learning culture
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enculturation
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Research perspective that defines ideas, symbols, and mental structures as driving forces in shaping human behavior (culture as ideas)
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ideational perspective
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Can’t understand behavior w/o understanding what it symbolizes
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ideational perspective
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Research perspective that emphasizes technology, ecology, demography, and economics in defining human behavior (culture as adaptation)
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adaptive perspective
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culture as a system
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adaptive perspective
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scienctific approach is...
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...objective
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humanistic approach is...
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...subjective
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Working from specific facts or observations to general conclusions
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inductive reasoning
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Reasoning from theory to account for specific observational or experimental results
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deductive reasoning
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made monograph of mounds, concluded that they were not Native Americans- instead, were related to Mexican/Central American Indians
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Squier and Davis
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compiled information on 2000 Moundbuilder sites, concluded that they were made by Native Americans
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Powell
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examined linguistics of 40+ tribes, excavated burial mound on his property, concluded that Native Americans built them
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Jefferson
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A doctrine, attitude, or way of life that focuses on human interests and values. Usually rejects a search for universals and stresses importance of individual’s lived experience
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humanism
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Dakota village humanistic excavation
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Spector
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