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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the levels of theory?
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Low-level, middle-range, and high-level.
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Describe the scientific method.
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It uses inductive reasoning - particular observations to construct an explanation and deductive reasoning - using theories to examine new cases.
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Describe low-level theory.
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These are basic observations about artifacts - color, weight, etc.
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Describe middle-range theory.
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This links objects to behavior. For example, knowing that an object is a tool and understanding how it was used.
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How did Louis Binford describe middle-range theory?
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As going from the known to the unknown.
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Describe high-level theory.
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Deals with how humans behave transculturally.
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What is processual theory?
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Asking diachronic questions about why cultures change.
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"Climate change caused the farming revolution" is an example of what kind of theory?
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Processual.
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What are the problems with processual/high-level theory?
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It gives no weight to the role of the individual or internal dynamics of cultural systems.
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What theory opposes processualism?
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Post-processualism, the idea that cultures need to be evaluated on the level of the individual. It is against generalizing theories, and seeks to understand what a site represents about individuals.
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Give an example of processual theory in action.
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In a chiefdom evolving into a state society, women felt the cultural shifts, and they lost independence. This was backed up by documents as well as artifacts.
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