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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anthropological archaeology
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investigation that seeks to solve larger fundamental questions about humans and human behavior
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historical archaeology
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archaelogy in combination with written record
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artifact
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objects and materials that people from the past made and used
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Sites
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accumulations of artifacts and ecofacts representing a place where people lived and settled
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Fieldwork
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the intentional search for artifacts and sites through survey and excavation
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survey
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methods undertaken by archaelogist to discover things on the surface/ground
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excavation
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methods used to expose buried materials
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GPR
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instrument for remote sensing and prospecting for buried structures using radar maps of subsoil features
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biturbation
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activities of plants and animals in the earth, causing disturbance of archaelogical materials
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total station
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mapping instrument that uses the a laser beam to measure exact distance to a target
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context
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the association and relationships between archaeological objects that are in the same place
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provenience
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the place of origin
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test pits
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small trenches across the site for preliminary examination
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eco facts
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remains of plants, animals, sediments, or other unmodified materials that result from human activity
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features
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an immovable structure or layer or pit in ground have archaeological significance
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Attributes used to classify artifacts
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1. Form
2. Technology 3. Style |
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enthography
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the study of human cultures through firsthand observation
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component
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materials in a site belonging to a particular cultural entity, known or archeological
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classification of sites depend on
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1. geographic context
2. function 3. age |
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middens
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site deposits that consist of decomposed garbage pile
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stratum
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each visible layer that makes up the stratigraphy of a site
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inhumation
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the disposal of the dead by burial
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hydrology
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the action of water on site formation
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taphonomy
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the study of processes that transform ecofacts or biological materials
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judgment sample
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a nonrandom selected sample
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Region
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largest spatial clusters of archeological sites
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Characteristics of Vertical Excavation
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Diachronic perspective
Culture sequence Small excavation area Limited view of cultural processes |
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Characteristics of Horizontal excavations
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Synchronic perspective
Spatial distribution of artifacts Extensive view of cultural process Focus on activity areas |
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Systemic Context
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: Artifacts that are part of the ongoing system of manufacture, use, reuse, and discard.
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Archaeological Context
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Artifacts that have entered the ground and become part of the archeological record
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Experimental Archaeology
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Replicate specific behavior in the past
Replicate tools, more than behavior in some cases Useful in studying technology |
