Arch Test 2

Front 1

Edict of Milan

Back 1

313, passed by Emperor Constantine, religious toleration, allowed Christians to build public places of worship

Front 2

Martyria

Back 2

buildings raised as memorials to commemorate saints or sites of special importance

Front 3

Transept

Back 3

Transverse element that crosses the nave

Front 4

Baptistery

Back 4

Built around immersion pool, usually 8 sides to symbolize Jesus rising on the 8th day after entering
Jerusalem

Front 5

Lombard bands

Back 5

Embellishment for brickwork involving pilasters and shallow arches

Front 6

mausolea

Back 6

buildings erected to contain the tombs of important people, models for later domed churches

Front 7

Ambulatory

Back 7

the curving passageway behind the choir of a church, usually used to connect radiating chapels

Front 8

roundel

Back 8

a small circular panel or opening

Front 9

Byzantine

Back 9

Started about the reign of Justinian (527-565), tied to Constantinople, preference for domes

Front 10

Lunette

Back 10

semi-circular panel, possibly formed by a barrel vault's intersection with a wall

Front 11

pendentive

Back 11

triangular element use to go from dome to square base

Front 12

byzantine church site positioning

Back 12

narthex west, apse east

Front 13

bookmatched

Back 13

split stone faces finished as symmetrical pair to look like opening of a book

Front 14

Quincunx

Back 14

"cross in square" plan, nine bays, central one dome, and smaller domes over corner bays. Other sections barrel vaulted

Front 15

Squinches

Back 15

corbeled arches used to tranform square bay into an octagon for the springing of a dome

Front 16

Shatyor

Back 16

Russian tent roof

Front 17

pomochi

Back 17

Russian stacked cantilevers

Front 18

bochki

Back 18

reverse curve cables

Front 19

iconostasis

Back 19

screen in Byzantine Churches that divides the nave from the chancel and is used to support devotional images or icons

Front 20

chancel

Back 20

east end of a church in which the alter is placed

Front 21

aisle

Back 21

in a Basilican church, the portion set parallel to the nave, generally separated from it by a row of columns

Front 22

arcade

Back 22

series of arches carried on columns or piers

Front 23

barrel vault

Back 23

a semicircular vault over a rectangular space

Front 24

basilica

Back 24

"kings hall," for Romans, a hall used for public administration, term generally refers to a rectangular building that has a central section with a higher roof flanked by lower aisles on both long sides. Christians added apse where they placed the alter

Front 25

buttress pier

Back 25

Thicker section connected to wall by a half arch that relieves some of the force of the ceiling

Front 26

campanile

Back 26

in Italy, name given to freestanding bell tower

Front 27

cathedral

Back 27

the church that serves as the set of a bishop (bishop's chair call cathedrae)

Front 28

chapel

Back 28

a smaller "church" off of the larger body of the church dedicated to a specific saint or holy person

Front 29

choir

Back 29

the eastern end of a basilica where the divine service is sung

Front 30

clerestory

Back 30

windows placed high in a wall, generally above lower roof elements

Front 31

crossing

Back 31

in a basilican church, the space where transepts, nave, and choir intersect

Front 32

fan vault

Back 32

in English perpendicular gothic buildings, vaults with ribs having some curvature and radiating or fanning out fro the springing of a vault

Front 33

flyer

Back 33

the half-arch that connects the wall to the buttress pier

Front 34

flying buttresses

Back 34

in gothic architecture, the combination of external buttress pier and slender arch which attaches to a wall just below the springing of the vaulting in order to resist lateral thrust

Front 35

groin vault

Back 35

the vault formed by two intersecting barrel vaults, also known as a cross vault

Front 36

half-timber

Back 36

wall constructing with heavy timber members carrying the structural load and made weather tight with infill materials

Front 37

haram

Back 37

literally "private" or "sacred," used to describe the sanctuary in a mosque and the family living quarters in an Islamic house

Front 38

liernes

Back 38

a decorative, nonstructural element added to gothic vaulting

Front 39

maqsurah

Back 39

in early mosques, an area in front of the mihrab reserved for officials and sometimes given extra ornamentation (unusual vaulting or a dome) or special screening for security

Front 40

mihrab

Back 40

a niche in the quibla wall indicating the direction of Mecca

Front 41

minaret

Back 41

in Islamic architecture, the tower associated with a mosque from which the faithful are called to pray

Front 42

minbar

Back 42

in a mosque, the pulpit from which the imam leads prayers

Front 43

monastery

Back 43

a religious institution providing living accommodations and worship space for monks

Front 44

motte-and-bailey

Back 44

medieval castle with a mound (motte) and yard (bailey) defined by a ditch and wall

Front 45

narthex

Back 45

the entrance porch or chamber before the nave of a church

Front 46

nave

Back 46

the western arm of a Basilican church

Front 47

quibla

Back 47

the direction of mecca, indicated in a most by the mihrab, by extension, the wall in which the mihrab is placed

Front 48

rib

Back 48

a raised molding applied to the arris of a vault

Front 49

sahn

Back 49

an open courtyard in a mosque

Front 50

tracery

Back 50

the stonework divisions in gothic windows

Front 51

transverse arch

Back 51

an arch spanning across a long hall or nave

Front 52

triforium

Back 52

in Gothic churches, the narrow passage below the clerestory corresponding to the lean-to roof over the aisle

Front 53

tympanium

Back 53

a panel, generally semicircular, over the lintel and under the arch of a doorway, also the central triagnle of a pediment

Front 54

westwerk

Back 54

the narthex, chapels and towers set at the entrance end of churches of the Carolingian and later periods

Front 55

masjid

Back 55

a district or neighborhood masque, containing a prayer niche, but no facility for preaching

Front 56

aniconic

Back 56

preferred by Islamic architects, tendency towards ornamentation that suggests rather than literally represents

Front 57

4 Islamic design strategies

Back 57

1. repition of architectural element like an arch 2. geometric manipulations like rotated and interlocking polygons 3. organic growth in the form of plant foliation 4. calligraphy

Front 58

muqarnas

Back 58

vaults that reflect and refract light due to covering of concave decoration