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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adverse Effect = hypoglycemia
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sulfonylurea, meglitinides, pramlintide
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Adverse Effect = weight gain
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sulfonylurea, thiazolidinediones
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Adverse Effect = GI distress
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sulfonylurea, metformin, thiazolidinediones, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, pramlntide (nausea)
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adverse effect = photosensitivity
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sulfonylurea
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adverse effect = disulfiram rxn
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sulfonylurea
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adverse effect = alteration in taste
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metformin
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adverse effect = lactic acidosis
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metformin
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adverse effect = hepatic failure
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thiazolidinedionesm alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (hepatotoxicity), meglitinides (caution use in liver DFXN)
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adverse effect = hematologic
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thiazolidinediones
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adverse effect = edema
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thiazolidinediones
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adverse effect = HA
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meglitinides
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advantage = prevention option
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metformin,
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Acetohexamide
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1st generation sulfonylurea
-inc B cell secretion of insulin -30 min B4 meal -adverse effects: hypoglycemia, wt gain, gi distress, photosensitivity, disulfiram rxn -CI's: preg, hepatic/renal DFXN, sulfa allergy? |
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Choloropropamide
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1st generation sulfonylurea
-inc B cell secretion of insulin -30 min B4 meal -adverse effects: hypoglycemia, wt gain, gi distress, photosensitivity, disulfiram rxn -CI's: preg, hepatic/renal DFXN, sulfa allergy? |
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Tolazamide
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1st generation sulfonylurea
-inc B cell secretion of insulin -30 min B4 meal -adverse effects: hypoglycemia, wt gain, gi distress, photosensitivity, disulfiram rxn -CI's: preg, hepatic/renal DFXN, sulfa allergy? |
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Tolbutamine
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1st generation sulfonylurea
-inc B cell secretion of insulin -30 min B4 meal -adverse effects: hypoglycemia, wt gain, gi distress, photosensitivity, disulfiram rxn -CI's: preg, hepatic/renal DFXN, sulfa allergy? |
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Glimerperide
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2nd generation sulfonylurea
-inc B cell secretion of insulin -30 min B4 meal -adverse effects: hypoglycemia, wt gain, gi distress, photosensitivity, disulfiram rxn -CI's: preg, hepatic/renal DFXN, sulfa allergy? |
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Glipizide
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2nd generation sulfonylurea
-inc B cell secretion of insulin -30 min B4 meal -adverse effects: hypoglycemia, wt gain, gi distress, photosensitivity, disulfiram rxn -CI's: preg, hepatic/renal DFXN, sulfa allergy? |
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Glyburide
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2nd generation sulfonylurea
-inc B cell secretion of insulin -30 min B4 meal -adverse effects: hypoglycemia, wt gain, gi distress, photosensitivity, disulfiram rxn -CI's: preg, hepatic/renal DFXN, sulfa allergy? |
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Metformin
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-inhibits hepatic glucose production, enhances peripheral muscle glucose uptake
-Adverse effects: GI distress, alterations in taste, lactic acidosis -CI's: SCr >1.4/1.5, acute liver d, active alcoholic, h/o lactic acidosis, HF, hold 48 hrs IV contrast -Advantages: neutral effect on lipid profile, wt loss, not -> hypoglycemia, prevention option |
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Pioglitazon
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-enhances periph muscle glucose uptake, inhibits hepatic glucose production
-adverse effects: hepatic failure, GI distress, hematologic, wt gain, edema -CI's: active liver D, severe HF -Advantages: lower insulin reg, not -> hypoglycemia, neutral on lipid profile -disadvantages: cost, wt gain, max response @ 12 wks |
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Rosiglitazon
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-enhances periph muscle glucose uptake, inhibits hepatic glucose production
-adverse effects: hepatic failure, GI distress, hematologic, wt gain, edema -CI's: active liver D, severe HF -Advantages: lower insulin reg, not -> hypoglycemia, neutral on lipid profile -disadvantages: cost, wt gain, max response @ 12 wks, may dec LDL |
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Acarbose
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Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
-inhibits action of intestinal alpha-glucosidase, delays breakdown of ingested carbs, reduces postprandial hyperglycemia -adverse effects: Gi distress, hepatotoxicity -drug interactions: digestiv enzymes, intestinal absorbants -Advantages: do not -> hypoglycemia/hyperinsulinemia, possible prevention option -Disadvantages: less effective then other agents, GI distress, method of TX |
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Miglitol
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Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
-inhibits action of intestinal alpha-glucosidase, delays breakdown of ingested carbs, reduces postprandial hyperglycemia -adverse effects: Gi distress, hepatotoxicity -drug interactions: digestiv enzymes, intestinal absorbants -Advantages: do not -> hypoglycemia/hyperinsulinemia, possible prevention option -Disadvantages: less effective then other agents, GI distress, method of TX |
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Repaglinide
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Meglinitide
-similar to sulfonylurea -adverse effects: hypoglycemia, HA, caution for use in liver DFXN |
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Netaglinide
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Meglinitide
-similar to sulfonylurea -adverse effects: hypoglycemia, HA, caution for use in liver DFXN |
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Pramlinitide
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-supresses glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, enhances insulin action following a meal
-Adverse Effects: N, hypoglycemia |
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Extenatide
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incretin hormone
-synthetic form of extendin4 - Glia monster -adjunctive therapy w/ metformin/ sulfonylurea -binds to GLP1 receptors (inc glucose dependent insulin secretion, moderate glucagon secretion, delay gastric emptying, dec food intake) |
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Catopril
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ACEI
-reduce glomerular capillary pressure by inhibition of angio II concentrations -dec proteinuria, progression of kidney disease -good for DM1 w/ proteinuria |
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Enalapril
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ACEI
-reduce glomerular capillary pressure by inhibition of angio II concentrations -dec proteinuria, progression of kidney disease -good for DM1 w/ proteinuria |
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Losartan
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selective inhibition, AT1 receptor, reduction of proteinuria
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Irbersartan
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selective inhibition, AT1 receptor, reduction of proteinuria
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ACEI and ARB combo therapy
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dec tissue angio II to a greater extent then either agent alone, dec urinary albuminuria/proteinuria
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Amlopidine
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Ca channel blockers
-sig dilation of the afferent arteriole resulting in loss of renal autoregulation -inc intraglomerular capillary pressure and may inc proteinuria -reduce glomerular pressure and reduce proteinuria |
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Felodipine
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Ca channel blockers
-sig dilation of the afferent arteriole resulting in loss of renal autoregulation -inc intraglomerular capillary pressure and may inc proteinuria -reduce glomerular pressure and reduce proteinuria |
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Albuterol
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B2 agonist
-stim adenyl cyclase and inc formation cAMP -adverse Rxn = tachycardia, skeletal muscle tremor, hypokalemia, HA |
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Pirbuterol
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B2 agonist
-stim adenyl cyclase and inc formation cAMP -adverse Rxn = tachycardia, skeletal muscle tremor, hypokalemia, HA |
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levalbuterol
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B2 agonist
-stim adenyl cyclase and inc formation cAMP -adverse Rxn = tachycardia, skeletal muscle tremor, hypokalemia, HA |
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Ipratropium
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anticholinergic
-competative inhibitor of cholinergic receptors -> bronchodilation Adverse RXN = dry mouth, blurred vision |
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Beclomethasone
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Corticosteroid
-anti-inflammatory Adverse RXN = cough, dysphonia, thrush, fluid retention, wt gain, mood alteration, adrenal axis suppression, growth suppression, HTN, DM, cataracts, osteoporosis |
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Budesonide
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Corticosteroid
-anti-inflammatory Adverse RXN = cough, dysphonia, thrush, fluid retention, wt gain, mood alteration, adrenal axis suppression, growth suppression, HTN, DM, cataracts, osteoporosis |
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Flunisolide
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Corticosteroid
-anti-inflammatory Adverse RXN = cough, dysphonia, thrush, fluid retention, wt gain, mood alteration, adrenal axis suppression, growth suppression, HTN, DM, cataracts, osteoporosis |
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Fluticasone
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Corticosteroid
-anti-inflammatory Adverse RXN = cough, dysphonia, thrush, fluid retention, wt gain, mood alteration, adrenal axis suppression, growth suppression, HTN, DM, cataracts, osteoporosis |
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Triamcinolone
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Corticosteroid
-anti-inflammatory Adverse RXN = cough, dysphonia, thrush, fluid retention, wt gain, mood alteration, adrenal axis suppression, growth suppression, HTN, DM, cataracts, osteoporosis |
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Salmeterol
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long acting B2 agonist
-stim adenyl cyclase and inc formation of cAMP -> relax airway smooth muscle and bronchodilation |
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Formoterol
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long acting B2 agonist
-stim adenyl cyclase and inc formation of cAMP -> relax airway smooth muscle and bronchodilation |
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Cromolyn
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mast cell stabilizer
-alteration in fxn of delayed Cl channels, inhibiting cellular activation -> dec release of pro-inflammatory cytokines -very well tolerated |
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levalbuterol
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B2 agonist
-stim adenyl cyclase and inc formation cAMP -adverse Rxn = tachycardia, skeletal muscle tremor, hypokalemia, HA |
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Ipratropium
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anticholinergic
-competative inhibitor of cholinergic receptors -> bronchodilation Adverse RXN = dry mouth, blurred vision |
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Beclomethasone
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Corticosteroid
-anti-inflammatory Adverse RXN = cough, dysphonia, thrush, fluid retention, wt gain, mood alteration, adrenal axis suppression, growth suppression, HTN, DM, cataracts, osteoporosis |
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Budesonide
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Corticosteroid
-anti-inflammatory Adverse RXN = cough, dysphonia, thrush, fluid retention, wt gain, mood alteration, adrenal axis suppression, growth suppression, HTN, DM, cataracts, osteoporosis |
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Flunisolide
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Corticosteroid
-anti-inflammatory Adverse RXN = cough, dysphonia, thrush, fluid retention, wt gain, mood alteration, adrenal axis suppression, growth suppression, HTN, DM, cataracts, osteoporosis |
