Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Prompt relief of stable or variant angina (1 main and 2 subtypes)...dilates coronaries and systemic veins
|
Nitroglycerin:
Nitrolingual spray Nitrostat |
|
|
Long-term prevention of angina attacks (3)...dilates coronaries and systemic veins
|
Nitroglycerin:
Patch (Nitro-Dur) Ointment (Nitro-BID) Long-acting tabs: Isosorbide |
|
|
Long-term prevention of angina attacks (1)...dilates coronaries and arterioles
|
Dihydropyridine (Ca Channel Blocker)
|
|
|
Long-term prevention of angina attacks (4)...decreases cardiac contractility
|
Beta Blockers:
propranolol (Inderal) metoprolol (Toprol-XL) Non-dihydropyridine Ca Channel blocker: Verapamil Diltiazem |
|
|
Statins (decreases LDL)
(2) |
atorvastatin (Lipitor)
rosuvastatin (Crestor) |
|
|
drugs that, for 1 cent a day, decreases incidence of CV events as much as Statins
|
Aspirin
|
|
|
Fibrates (decrease TGs)
(2) |
fenofibrate (Lofibra)
gemfirozil (Lopid) |
|
|
Bile acid binding resins (3)
|
cholestyramine (Questran)
cholesevelam (Welchol) colestipol (Colestid) |
|
|
drug that decreases GI tract cholesterol absorption
|
ezetimibe (Zetia)
|
|
|
3 combinations frequently used to change cardiac lipids
|
1. fenofibrate + statin
2. niacin + fenofibrate 3. statin + niacin |
|
|
substance with significant CV protective effects
|
Omega-3 fatty acids
|
|
|
classes of diuretics (4)
|
Thiazide
Loop K+ sparing Osmotic |
|
|
Thiazide diuretics (2)
|
hydrochlorothiazide
chlorthalidone |
|
|
Loop diuretics (3)
|
Furosemide (Lasix)
Bumatanide Ethacrynic acid |
|
|
K+ sparing diuretics (3)
|
TAS:
Triamterene Amiloride Spironolactone |
|
|
osmotic diuretic (1)
|
mannitol
|
|
|
drug classes used to treat heart failure (4)
|
ACEI's and ARBs
Diuretics Beta/Alpha blockers inotropic agents |
|
|
ACEI's (2)
|
Captopril
Lisinopril |
|
|
ARBs (2)
|
Losartan
Candesartan |
|
|
Beta blockers (negative inotropes)
(2) |
Metoprolol
Carvedilol |
|
|
Cardiac glycoside, positive inotrope, used for HF
|
digoxin
|
|
|
Antidote for digoxin toxicity
|
Digiband
|
|
|
released by healthy endothelial cells; chemical inhibitors of platelet aggregation (2)
|
Prostacyclin
Nitric oxide |
|
|
External receptors on the platelet membrane (4)
|
Exposed vascular collagen
Thromboxane A2 Thrombin ADP |
|
|
6 things platelets release once activated
|
Thromboxane A2
ADP Thrombin Serotonin PAF Calcium (internally) |
|
|
3 main classes of antiplatelet drugs
|
Platelet COX-1 inhibitor (ASA)
Platelet ADP receptor blocker (Plavix) Platelet GP IIb/IIIa receptor blocker (ReoPro, Aggrastat) |
|
|
Two things with no anti-platelet effect
|
Non-acetylated salicylates (Disalcid)
COX-2 inhibitors |
|
|
Anticoagulants that inhibit the action of thrombin (2)
|
Heparins (heparin and LMWH)
Lepirudin |
|
|
Anticoagulants that inhibit the synthesis of thrombin (1)
|
Warfarin (coumadin)
|
|
|
LMWH's (2)
|
enoxaparin (Lovenox)
dalteparin (Fragmin) |
|
|
Antidote for heparin-induced hemorrhage
|
Protamine sulfate (doesn't work as well for LMWHs)
|
|
|
Direct thrombin antag that binds thrombin and blocks its action
|
lepirudin (Refludan)
|
|
|
Vitamin K antagonist
|
Warfarin (coumadin)
|
|
|
Thrombolytics (2)
|
alteplase (Streptase)
streptokinase (Streptase) |
|
|
Fibrin-selective thrombolytic
|
alteplase
|
|
|
systemic fibrinolytic state inducer
|
streptokinase
|
|
|
antidote for systemic fibrinolytic state
|
Amicar (aminocarproic acid)
|
|
|
Drug for Fe-deficiency anemia (oral)
|
Ferrous sulfate (feosulfate)
|
|
|
Parenteral tx for Fe-deficiency anemia
|
Iron Dextran (DexFerrum)
|
|
|
Drug for folate deficiency anemia
|
folic acid
|
|
|
folate antagonist drug
|
trimethoprim
|
|
|
drug for dietary B12 deficiency
|
oral B12 (cyanocobalamin)
|
|
|
drug for pernicious anemia and other B12 malabsorption
|
i.m. cyclocobalamin to normalize;
Nascobal nasal gel to maintain |
|
|
treatment for non-specific megaloblastic anemia
|
B12 and folic acid
|
|
|
Tx for severe anemia of ESRD, HIV, CA
|
Erythropoietin (Epogen)
plus Fe-supplement |
|
|
Short-acting beta-2 agonists (2)
|
albuterol (Proventil HFA)
terbutaline (Brethine) |
|
|
Long-acting beta-2 agonists (2)
|
salmeterol (Serevent)
formoterol (Foradil) |
|
|
inhaled steroids (2)
|
fluticasone (Flovent HFA)
triamcinolone (Azmacort) |
|
|
Rx for severe exacerbation of asthma (status asthmaticus)
|
po steroid: prednisone
i.v. steroid: methylprednisone |
|
|
Alternative drugs for moderate/severe asthma (5)
|
po anti-leukotrienes
inhaled anticholinergics po Theophylline inhaled cromolyn and nedocromil sc inj of monoclonal Ab to IgE |
|
|
Anti-leukotriene receptor blocker (1)
|
Singulair (montelukast)
|
|
|
Anticholinergic for resp tx (1)
|
ipratropium (Atrovent)
|
|
|
Theophylline
|
Theo-24 (bronchodilator with slight anti-inflammatory effect)
|
|
|
Mast cell stabilizers (2)
|
Cromolyn and nedocromil
|
|
|
monoclonal antibody (prevents IgE from binding to mast cell)
|
omalizumab
|
|
|
Long-acting anticholinergic for COPD
|
tiotropium (Spiriva)
|
|
|
Treatment for COPD (2 agents)
|
tiotropium (anticholinergic) + salmeterol (Beta-2 agonist)
|
|
|
Anti-arrhythmic for A-flutter
|
Propranolol or verapamil
|
|
|
Anti-arrhythmic for A-fib
|
Propranolol or Amiodarone + anticoagulant (Coumadin)
|
|
|
SVT Tx
|
Propranolol or verapamil
|
|
|
Acute Ventricular Tachy (in AMI) Tx
|
Lidocaine or Amiodarone
|
|
|
V-fib not responding to electrical defibrillation
|
Amiodarone or Lidocaine
|
