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19 Cards in this Set
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LESSON 3 – الدَّرْسُ الثَّالِثُ Definite Article – اَلْ |
* In this lesson we will learn about the definite article الْ which corresponds to the word 'The' in the English Language (known as the definite article in grammar as it refers to a specific object).
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* Take particular note of the change in the vowel ending when a word is changed to its definite form, i.e. the /tanwīn/ (double vowel) which represents indefinite form e.g. (a house) has been changed to a single /đammah/. It is hence also important to remember that a word can never take /alif lām/ at the beginning and /tanwīn/ at the same time (i.e. it can never be both indefinite and definite at the same time).
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* Remember to always start reading the examples below from right to left. The first example below will illustrate the change from indefinite form (e.g. a house) to definite form (e.g. the house).
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بَيْتٌ: الْبَيْتُ The house: A house ----------------------------- قَلَمٌ: الْقَلَمُ The pen: A pen |
كِتَابٌ: الْكِتَابُ The book: A book --------------------------- مَسْجِدٌ: الْمَسْجِدُ The mosque: A mosque |
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The pen is broken. |
الْقَلَمُ مَكْسُورٌ. |
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The door is open. |
الْبَابُ مَفْتُوحٌ. |
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The boy is sitting and the teacher is standing.
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الْوَلَدُ جَالِسٌ وَالْمُدَرَّسُ وَاقِفٌ. |
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The book is new and the pen is old.
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الْكِتَابُ جَدِيدٌ وَالْقَلَمُ قَدِيمٌ. |
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The donkey is small and the horse is big.
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اَلْحِمَارُ صَغِيرٌ وَالْحِصَانُ كَبِيرٌ. |
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The chair is broken. |
الْكُرْسِيٌّ مَكْسُورٌ. |
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The handkerchief is dirty. |
الْمِنْدِيلُ وَسِخٌ. |
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The water is cold. |
الْمَاءُ بَارِدٌ. |
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The moon is beautiful. |
الْقَمَرُ جَمِيلٌ. |
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The house is near and the mosque is far away.
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الْبَيْتُ قَرِيبٌ وَالْمَسْجِدُ بَعِيدٌ. |
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The stone is heavy and the paper is light.
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الْحَجَرُ ثَقِيلٌ وَالْوَرَقُ خَفِيفٌ. |
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The milk is hot. |
اللَّبَنُ حَارٌّ. |
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The shirt is clean. |
الْقَمِيصُ نَظِيفٌ. |
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المكتب مكسور المدرس جديد القميص وسخ اللبن بارد |
المسجد مفتوح الحجر كبير اللبن بارد والماء حار الإمام جالس والمدرس واقف المنديل نظيف |
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* We have learnt that the /tanwīn/ is the indefinite article, and it is to be translated as “a” e.g.:بَيْتٌ means a house. This rule does not apply to adjectives like مَفْتُوحٌ "open", and مَكْسُورٌ"broken".
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المدرس الديك البيت السكر الطالب الباب |
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الكعبة الصلاة القرآن الصابون الإصبع الرأس |
الظهر الفجر الظفر العشاء المغرب العصر |
