Arab-Israeli Conflict

Front 1

Palestine under Ottoman rule

Back 1

splintered for jews and palestinians; jews split between 1st and 2nd aliyah, zionists and previous settlers; palestinians split between fellahin (peasantry) and gentry, nomads, etc

Front 2

Sultan Abdul Hamid II

Back 2

last Ottoman sultan to rule with absolute power, overthrown 1909 during Young Turk revolution

Front 3

Fellahin

Back 3

Palestinian peasantry, worked land for Ottoman landlords, later worked for 1st Aliyah of Zionists; 2nd wave kicked them off land

Front 4

Protocols of the Elders of Zion

Back 4

PLAN FOR JEWISH WORLD DOMINATION

Front 5

Theodore Herzl

Back 5

father of modern Zionism

Front 6

Dreyfus Affair

Back 6

trial unveiling French antisemitism, helped Herzl advance his theory that antisemitism was incurable

Front 7

Zionism

Back 7

Jewish return to "promised land" with objective of making a state

Front 8

Chovevei Zion

Back 8

first wave, apolitical

Front 9

Poale Zion

Back 9

second wave, communists

Front 10

Kibbutzim/Moshavim

Back 10

Israeli Communes

Front 11

Hussein-McMahon Correspondence

Back 11

correspondence between Arab sharif and British High Commander in Egypt circa 1914-1916; both agreed that if the Arabs helped the British overthrow the Turks, the Brits would help the Arabs establish a state; Arabs helped, British claimed the correspondence was not legitimate

Front 12

Sykes-Picot Agreement

Back 12

circa 1915, British and French divide up the middle east, plan to govern with "spheres of influence", essentially colonization. After the Russian revolution, the Russians show these plans to the Arabs, and the Arabs are pissed

Front 13

Balfour Declaration

Back 13

circa 1917, British state intention to make Palestine "national home for Jews", purposefully vague, intended to get Russian/US support in WWI

Front 14

Faisal Weizmann Agreement

Back 14

shortlived agreement between Zionist leader and Iraqi king, plans to make Palestine into a Jewish home

Front 15

the Mandates

Back 15

Brits carved up Middle East into Mandate of Palestine, Syria, Iraq, Transjordan, and Lebanon

Front 16

Vaad Leumi

Back 16

Jewish political group under Balfour Declaration

Front 17

Histadrut

Back 17

Jewish worker's union

Front 18

Haganah

Back 18

Jewish defense organization

Front 19

Revisionist Zionists

Back 19

radical Zionists who wanted a Jewish majority state in Palestine under Balfour Declaration; thought Jewish claim to the land overruled Arab claim

Front 20

Brit Shalom

Back 20

Peaceful Jewish political party, wanted a shared state with Arabs where both groups would be equal

Front 21

Jewish National Fund

Back 21

fund to buy land in Ottoman Palestine

Front 22

White Paper of 1922

Back 22

Result of Arab violence against Jews, Arabs blamed for the violence but resentment called justified. Solution: Churchill White Paper, essentially reaffirmed Balfour Declaration. Jewish immigration not to exceed "economic absorptive capacity", incredibly vague

Front 23

White Paper of 1930

Back 23

Arab violence towards Jews blamed on Arabs, but called result of Arab disappointment in regards to unfulfilled national aims. Solution: Passfield Withe Paper.

Front 24

Passfield White Paper

Back 24

Paper stating Jewish immigration would be greatly reduced

Front 25

MacDonald letter

Back 25

undid Passfield White Paper, called "Black Letter" by Arabs

Front 26

Arab Rebellion 1936-1939

Back 26

protest against Jewish immigration

Front 27

Irgun/Stern Gang

Back 27

militant Zionist groups, fought with Brits against revolting Arabs

Front 28

Peel Commission Report

Back 28

circa 1936-7, in response to Arab revolts, proposes 2-state solution - gives Jews "wrong land", Arabs think sharing land is unfair since they'd been there longer

Front 29

1939 White Paper

Back 29

says Palestine will be an Arab state within 10 years, halts Jewish immigration drastically; done because Brits need Arab oil for WWII