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51 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Hearing Related Disability
a loss of function imposed by hearing loss. the term denotes a multidimensional phenemonon.
impairment
physical measure of hearing loss
handicap
how much a disability affects a person's life.
hearing impairment (WHO)
complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.
deafness (WHO)
the complete loss of ability to hear from one or both ears.
impairment (WHO)
a loss or abnormality of body structure or a psychological function
activity limitation (WHO)
the nature or extent of functioning at the level of the person
participation restriction (WHO)

***
the nature or extent of a person's involvement in life situations in relation to impairment, activities, health conditions, and contextual factors

***audiologists need to focus on this
health-related quality of life (WHO)
the functional effect of an illness and its consequent therapy upon the patient
satisfaction (WHO)
the subjective assessment that a patient's needs or expectations have been met.
How did AR get started?
An outgrowth of AR programs provided for servicemen who lost hearing in WWII.

The resulting program was described by Ross as being one that has yet to be surpassed or even equaled to any time since.
Staff
consisted of acoustic technicians who did audiometric testing and hearing aid fittings.

an auditory training instructor for every 50 patients.

a lip-reading instructor for ever six to eight patients.

a speech correctionist for every 35 to 50 patients.
Other Staff
psychologists, social workers, educational and vocational counsel (who provided therapy as necessary).
Dr. Raymond Carhart
"Father" of Audiology
Started AR at Deshon GH (Army)
Carhart's Approach
1. Hearing Evaluation
2. Aid Evaluation & Fitting
3. Auditory Training and Sp. Reading
Who is AR for?
People who demonstrate a loss of hearing sensitivity.

or

Function in communication situations as if they possess a loss of hearing sensitivity
Age Demographics
One-third of people will have significant hearing loss over the age of 75.
U.S. Demographics
One-third of the 36 million people in the US have a significant hearing impairment.

Hearing impairment ranks THIRD in the elderly population as a chronic health condition.
ADA - 1990
Of 43 million targeted, 22 million were hearing impaired.
AR Myths
Speech reading and auditory training are not the only components of AR

That we can have a "quick fix" for hearing loss
Alpiner
Quality not Compromise
What do we "shortcut" for time?
case history
prefitting inventory/questionnaire
appropriate counseling
ALD needs
From the Patient's Side
Money is not a bit concern (1/4 of consumers worry about this)

age and disability are associated with amplification
Advanced Hearing Aids
digital and programmable aids produce more satisfaction with amplification ( 75% vs 64%)
Return Rates
are high; overall 18% and CIC 25.5% (highest of all aids). This demonstrates a need for AR.
Managed Care
generally forces service provision to be cost effective.
What is grief?
when people grieve it is usually because of some kind of loss in life. It is the emotional suffering that a person goes through when something has been taken away from them.
Rehabilitative Audiology Model
(Alpiner)
Breaks down into the following elements:

1. message expression
2. message encoding
3. message decoding
4. perception of the message
Grieving Cycle
Sadness
Anger
Depression and Detachment
Dialogue and Bargaining
Acceptance
Return to Meaningful Life
Types of Counseling
Person Centered
Informational
Behavioral
Informational Counseling
Facts and figures; the intent is to educate people on specific areas relevant (but not limited to):

the audiogram
degree, type, configuration of HL
hearing aid fitting and use
ALD devices that may help
early intervention services
Behavioral Counseling
People are "rewarded" by positive outcomes or avoiding negative outcomes.

A child with HA might not go to a meeting with hearing aids on. This saves the parents embarrassment which equals a reward.

However, a child succeeding with hearing aids is a much better reward.
Dealing With Grief
Turning to family or friends

Draw comfort from faith

Join a support group
Express Feelings in a Tangible Way
Write Feelings in a Journal
Write a Letter
Make a scrapbook or photo album celebrating the person's life, or get involved in an organization that was important to him or her.
Complicated Grief
grief that doesn't go away; you are "stuck" in an intense state of mourning. This can disrupt your routine, and undermine other relationships.
Speech Test Applications
- obtain information for counseling
-illustrate benefits of visual cues
-determine hearing aid candidacy
-determine candidacy for CI or ALD
-determine when binaural aids might not be appropriate
(80% AD 20% AS)
-determine amplification characteristics and features
-demonstrate advantage of special hearing aid features
-demonstrate that aided performance is better than unaided
-determine whether cognitive or APD exists (an older person may have cognitive problems; anyone can have APD)
-demonstrate that understanding of speech is impaired
Information Helpful for Providing AR
-Audability
-Dynamic Range
- Frequency Resolution
-Temporal Resolution
dynamic range
strong implications when it comes to fitting hearing aids
frequency resolution
the ability to hear certain pitches
temporal resolution
environmental or background noise
"Auditory Alone"

phoneme, syllable, word phrase, sentence
we do this to find out what phonemes can be heard; listen to sentences and repeat back.

phrases are rarely used.
open set
say a word, and have the client repeat it back to you.

"say the word cow"
closed set
usually for children; using a picture board say a word and have them point it out to you. an example would be to say "cow" and have them point out a cow on the board which is among other things on the board.
High context
spondees
Low context
monosyllabic
When looking at AR, we want to know three different things:
1. Auditory Alone

2. Vision Alone.

3. Auditory and Vision
Researchers Argue that...
Noise is the best predictor of handicap for an individual
Receptive Communication Continuum
people who are auditory only will fall to the left side of the scale.
Total Communication
people who are mostly visual will benefit from this. it combines signing and listening.
Exact English
this type of sign language prepares you for reading, talking, and writing in English.
auditory verbal
strictly auditory in nature; belieft is that visual input should not e permitted; it doesn't allow auditory system to develop. Kids might benefit from this.