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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Hearing Related Disability
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a loss of function imposed by hearing loss. the term denotes a multidimensional phenemonon.
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impairment
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physical measure of hearing loss
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handicap
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how much a disability affects a person's life.
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hearing impairment (WHO)
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complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.
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deafness (WHO)
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the complete loss of ability to hear from one or both ears.
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impairment (WHO)
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a loss or abnormality of body structure or a psychological function
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activity limitation (WHO)
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the nature or extent of functioning at the level of the person
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participation restriction (WHO)
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the nature or extent of a person's involvement in life situations in relation to impairment, activities, health conditions, and contextual factors
***audiologists need to focus on this |
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health-related quality of life (WHO)
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the functional effect of an illness and its consequent therapy upon the patient
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satisfaction (WHO)
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the subjective assessment that a patient's needs or expectations have been met.
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How did AR get started?
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An outgrowth of AR programs provided for servicemen who lost hearing in WWII.
The resulting program was described by Ross as being one that has yet to be surpassed or even equaled to any time since. |
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Staff
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consisted of acoustic technicians who did audiometric testing and hearing aid fittings.
an auditory training instructor for every 50 patients. a lip-reading instructor for ever six to eight patients. a speech correctionist for every 35 to 50 patients. |
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Other Staff
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psychologists, social workers, educational and vocational counsel (who provided therapy as necessary).
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Dr. Raymond Carhart
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"Father" of Audiology
Started AR at Deshon GH (Army) |
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Carhart's Approach
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1. Hearing Evaluation
2. Aid Evaluation & Fitting 3. Auditory Training and Sp. Reading |
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Who is AR for?
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People who demonstrate a loss of hearing sensitivity.
or Function in communication situations as if they possess a loss of hearing sensitivity |
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Age Demographics
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One-third of people will have significant hearing loss over the age of 75.
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U.S. Demographics
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One-third of the 36 million people in the US have a significant hearing impairment.
Hearing impairment ranks THIRD in the elderly population as a chronic health condition. |
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ADA - 1990
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Of 43 million targeted, 22 million were hearing impaired.
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AR Myths
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Speech reading and auditory training are not the only components of AR
That we can have a "quick fix" for hearing loss |
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Alpiner
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Quality not Compromise
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What do we "shortcut" for time?
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case history
prefitting inventory/questionnaire appropriate counseling ALD needs |
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From the Patient's Side
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Money is not a bit concern (1/4 of consumers worry about this)
age and disability are associated with amplification |
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Advanced Hearing Aids
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digital and programmable aids produce more satisfaction with amplification ( 75% vs 64%)
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Return Rates
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are high; overall 18% and CIC 25.5% (highest of all aids). This demonstrates a need for AR.
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Managed Care
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generally forces service provision to be cost effective.
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What is grief?
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when people grieve it is usually because of some kind of loss in life. It is the emotional suffering that a person goes through when something has been taken away from them.
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Rehabilitative Audiology Model
(Alpiner) |
Breaks down into the following elements:
1. message expression 2. message encoding 3. message decoding 4. perception of the message |
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Grieving Cycle
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Sadness
Anger Depression and Detachment Dialogue and Bargaining Acceptance Return to Meaningful Life |
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Types of Counseling
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Person Centered
Informational Behavioral |
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Informational Counseling
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Facts and figures; the intent is to educate people on specific areas relevant (but not limited to):
the audiogram degree, type, configuration of HL hearing aid fitting and use ALD devices that may help early intervention services |
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Behavioral Counseling
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People are "rewarded" by positive outcomes or avoiding negative outcomes.
A child with HA might not go to a meeting with hearing aids on. This saves the parents embarrassment which equals a reward. However, a child succeeding with hearing aids is a much better reward. |
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Dealing With Grief
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Turning to family or friends
Draw comfort from faith Join a support group |
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Express Feelings in a Tangible Way
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Write Feelings in a Journal
Write a Letter Make a scrapbook or photo album celebrating the person's life, or get involved in an organization that was important to him or her. |
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Complicated Grief
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grief that doesn't go away; you are "stuck" in an intense state of mourning. This can disrupt your routine, and undermine other relationships.
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Speech Test Applications
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- obtain information for counseling
-illustrate benefits of visual cues -determine hearing aid candidacy -determine candidacy for CI or ALD -determine when binaural aids might not be appropriate (80% AD 20% AS) -determine amplification characteristics and features -demonstrate advantage of special hearing aid features -demonstrate that aided performance is better than unaided -determine whether cognitive or APD exists (an older person may have cognitive problems; anyone can have APD) -demonstrate that understanding of speech is impaired |
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Information Helpful for Providing AR
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-Audability
-Dynamic Range - Frequency Resolution -Temporal Resolution |
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dynamic range
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strong implications when it comes to fitting hearing aids
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frequency resolution
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the ability to hear certain pitches
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temporal resolution
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environmental or background noise
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"Auditory Alone"
phoneme, syllable, word phrase, sentence |
we do this to find out what phonemes can be heard; listen to sentences and repeat back.
phrases are rarely used. |
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open set
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say a word, and have the client repeat it back to you.
"say the word cow" |
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closed set
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usually for children; using a picture board say a word and have them point it out to you. an example would be to say "cow" and have them point out a cow on the board which is among other things on the board.
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High context
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spondees
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Low context
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monosyllabic
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When looking at AR, we want to know three different things:
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1. Auditory Alone
2. Vision Alone. 3. Auditory and Vision |
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Researchers Argue that...
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Noise is the best predictor of handicap for an individual
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Receptive Communication Continuum
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people who are auditory only will fall to the left side of the scale.
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Total Communication
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people who are mostly visual will benefit from this. it combines signing and listening.
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Exact English
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this type of sign language prepares you for reading, talking, and writing in English.
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auditory verbal
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strictly auditory in nature; belieft is that visual input should not e permitted; it doesn't allow auditory system to develop. Kids might benefit from this.
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