Aquinas - Skeletal System

Front 1

Give five functions of the skeleton.

Back 1

Support
Movement
Protection
Storage
Red blood cell production

Front 2

epiphysis

Back 2

The end of a long bone. Epiphyses (plural)

Front 3

diaphysis

Back 3

The shaft of a long bone.
Diaphyses (plural)

Front 4

cancellous or spongy bone

Back 4

Porous bone forming trabeculae in the epiphysis. Responsible for making red bone marrow in some bones.

Front 5

compact bone

Back 5

Dense bone of the diaphysis. Arranged in Haversian systems

Front 6

articular cartilage

Back 6

Smooth connective tissue that covers the epiphyses.

Front 7

medullary (yellow bone marrow) cavity

Back 7

A cavity in the diaphysis of a long bone. Site for storage of fat in the form of yellow bone.

Front 8

periosteum

Back 8

Fibrous, tough outer covering of a bone. Does not cover the articulating surfaces of epiphyses.

Front 9

endosteum

Back 9

Membrane that lines the marrow cavity of a long bone and the trabeculae of spongy bone.

Front 10

trabeculae

Back 10

Thin, criss-crossing bony plates of spongy bone.

Front 11

Haversian system

Back 11

Basic structural unit of compact bone. Collections of concentric layers of hard matrix containing bone cells and surrounding a central Haversian canal.

Front 12

Haversian canal

Back 12

Circular channel running the length of a Haversian system. Contains at least one blood vessel and may also contain nerves and lymph vessels.

Front 13

lamellae (lamella - singular)

Back 13

Concentric layers of bony matrix surrounding a Haversian canal.

Front 14

lacunae (lacuna - singular)

Back 14

Spaces in the matrix between lamellae where osteocytes are located.

Front 15

osteocyte

Back 15

A bone cell.

Front 16

canaliculi (canaliculus - singular)

Back 16

Tiny canals between osteocytes joining lacuae. Allows for the exchange of materials between adjacent osteocytes.

Front 17

axial skeleton

Back 17

The part of the skeleton that lies around the central axis of the body. Consists of bones of the skull, vertebral column and ribcage.

Front 18

skull

Back 18

Consists of bones that form the cranium and face.

Front 19

cranium

Back 19

Fused bones that enclose the brain and the organs of sight, hearing and balance.

Front 20

foramen magnum

Back 20

The opening beneath the cranium through which the spinal cord passes.

Front 21

maxilla

Back 21

Bone forming the upper jaw, anterior roof of the mouth, lateral walls of the nasal cavity and the base of the eye sockets. House the teeth of the upper jaw.

Front 22

mandible

Back 22

Bone forming the lower jaw. Houses the teeth of the lower jaw. Strongest bone of the face and is joined by the only movable joint in the skull.

Front 23

vertebral column

Back 23

A series of 33 vertebrae forming the spine or backbone.

Front 24

vertebrae (vertebra - singular)

Back 24

Bones of the vertebral column.

Front 25

cervical vertebrae

Back 25

The first 7 vertebrae of the vertebral column located in the neck region. (C1-C2)

Front 26

atlas and axis

Back 26

First two cervical vertebrae. Atlas (C1) supports the weight of the skull and Axis (C2) articulates with C1 and C3. The joint between atlas and axis allows the skull to pivot on top the vertebral column.

Front 27

thoracic vertebrae

Back 27

The 12 vertebrae of the thorax. Each articulates posteriorly with a rib and anteriorly with cartilage of the sternum (most).

Front 28

lumbar vertebrae

Back 28

The five large wedge-shaped vertebrae of the lower back.

Front 29

sacrum

Back 29

A single bone formed by 5 fused vertebrae. Forms the back of the pelvis where the two hip bones join.

Front 30

coccyx

Back 30

A single bone of 4 fused vertebrae at the end of the vertebral column.

Front 31

centrum

Back 31

Thick, disc-shaped, weight-bearing body of the vertebra.

Front 32

neural arch

Back 32

Arch formed by the vertebral processes, enclosing the vertebral foramen.

Front 33

vertebral foramen

Back 33

Opening through which the spinal cord passes.

Front 34

transverse process

Back 34

Bony projections extending to the sides of the neural arch

Front 35

spinous process

Back 35

Bony projection extending to the back of the neural arch.

Front 36

intervertebral disc

Back 36

Pads of fibrocartilage inbetween vertebra acting as shock absorbers and contributing to the flexibility of the vertebral column.

Front 37

ribcage

Back 37

Protective structure of the thorax formed from 12 pairs of ribs attached to the sternum and thoracic vertebrae. Responsible for protecting the vital thoracic organs and insisting in breathing.

Front 38

sternum

Back 38

Also called the breastbone, is an elongated flat bone that serves as a region for the attachment of ribs and some abdominal muscles.

Front 39

costal cartilage

Back 39

Cartilage that attaches the true ribs to the sternum.

Front 40

true ribs

Back 40

7 pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum by their own branch of costal cartilage.

Front 41

false ribs

Back 41

5 pairs of ribs that do not attach directly to the sternum by their own branch of costal cartilage. (2 of these pairs are floating ribs)

Front 42

floating ribs

Back 42

Last 2 pairs of ribs that are not attached to the sternum at all.

Front 43

appendicular skeleton

Back 43

The part of the skeleton that is made up of the bones of the upper and lower limbs, and the bones of the shoulder and pelvis.

Front 44

pectoral girdle

Back 44

Bones that make up the shoulder and form attachment for the upper limb.

Front 45

scapula

Back 45

Also called the shoulder blade. Flat triangular bone at the rear of the ribcage. Together with the clavicle form the socket into which the humerus articulates.

Front 46

clavicle

Back 46

Also called the collar bone. Long, slender curved bone. Major bone of the pectoral girdle, providing the only attachment of the upper limb to the axial skeleton.

Front 47

humerus

Back 47

Longest and largest bone of the upper limb.

Front 48

ulna

Back 48

One of the bones of the forearm. Articulates with the humerus at the elbow. In anatomical position it is situated on the little finger side of the hand. It is largest at the elbow and narrower at the wrist.

Front 49

radius

Back 49

One of the bones of the forearm. Articulates with the ulna to allow rotation of the forearm. In anatomical position it is situated on the thumb side of the hand. It is narrow at the elbow and widest at the wrist.

Front 50

carpals

Back 50

8 small bones of the wrist.

Front 51

metacarpals

Back 51

5 small long bones of the hand.

Front 52

phalanges

Back 52

28 finger and toe bones. There are 3 bones in each finger/toe, but only 2 bones in each thumb/big toe.

Front 53

pelvic girdle

Back 53

Bones of the pelvis, providing support for the weight of the body and the abdominal organs and creates a deep socket for the attachment of the femur.

Front 54

acetabulum

Back 54

Deep socket of the hip bone allowing articulation with the femur.

Front 55

ilium

Back 55

Large, flared bones of the pelvis.

Front 56

ischium

Back 56

Bones forming the base of the pelvis.

Front 57

pubis

Back 57

Bones forming the front of the pelvis.

Front 58

symphysis pubis

Back 58

Cartilaginous joint between the two pubis bones.

Front 59

femur

Back 59

Longest and strongest bone of the body. Situated in the upper leg.

Front 60

tibia

Back 60

Also called the shin bone. The larger of the 2 bones of the lower leg.

Front 61

fibula

Back 61

Slender bone of the lower leg.

Front 62

tarsals

Back 62

7 small bones of the ankle.

Front 63

metatarsals

Back 63

5 small long bones of the foot.

Front 64

calcaneus

Back 64

Also called the heel bone. Largest weight-bearing tarsal bone.

Front 65

talus

Back 65

Large tarsal bone that articulates with the fibula at the ankle.