Aquinas - Joints

Front 1

joint

Back 1

The site at which two or bones together.

Front 2

articulation

Back 2

An alternate name for a joint.

Front 3

fixed joint

Back 3

A joint where no movement occurs between the bones concerned. Also called an immovable joint. Eg sutures of the skull, bones of the sternum and pelvis.

Front 4

freely movable joint

Back 4

A joint where a great range of movement is possible. Eg synovial joints - ball and socket, hinge etc..

Front 5

slightly movable joint

Back 5

A joint where there is cartilage holding the bones together. They allow slight movements to occur. Eg symphysis pubis, costal cartilage, intervertebral discs.

Front 6

synovial joint

Back 6

A joint where there is a space between the articulating bones.

Front 7

synovial cavity

Back 7

The space between two articulating bones that is enclosed in a fibrous capsule.

Front 8

synovial capsule

Back 8

the fibrous capsule enclosing the synovial cavity. Joins to the periosteum of the diaphysis.

Front 9

synovial membrane

Back 9

Tissue that lines the inner surface of the capsule but not at the articulating surface. Responsible for secreting synovial fluid.

Front 10

synovial fluid

Back 10

Fluid that is seceted by the synovial membrane and fills the synovial cavity. This lubricates the joint for smooth movement and nourishes the cells of the articular cartilage.

Front 11

articular cartilage

Back 11

Connective tissue that covers the articulating surface of the bones at a joint. Provides a smooth surface for reducing friction in movement at the joint.

Front 12

menisci

Back 12

Cartilaginous disc found in some joints. Disc helps bones of different shapes to fit together to maintain joint stability.

Front 13

bursae

Back 13

Little sacs of synovial fluid positioned in such a way as to reduce friction between a bone and ligament ot tendon or between the bone and skin.

Front 14

ligaments

Back 14

Strong connective tissue that joins bone to bone. The increases the stability of a joint.

Front 15

ball and socket joint

Back 15

Joint where the spherical head of one bone meets the cup-like cavity of the other articulating bone. They offer the greatest range of movement. Eg shoulder and hip joint.

Front 16

hinge joint

Back 16

A joint that only allow movement in one plane. Where the convex surface of one bone meets the concave surface of the other articulating bone. Eg elbow and knee joint.

Front 17

pivot joint

Back 17

Formed when the rounded, pointed or conical end of one bone articulates with a ring of bone or ligament. Allows movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone. Eg atlas and axis, radius and ulna.

Front 18

gliding joint

Back 18

A joint where the articulating bones are flat. Movement can only occur from side to side or back and forth. Eg wrist and ankle, sternum and clavicle.

Front 19

saddle joint

Back 19

A joint where the two articulating bones are shaped like saddles - one inverted on the other. A joint unique to primates allowing opposability.

Front 20

opposability

Back 20

movement that allows the thumb to cross the palm and touch the tip of each finger. Necessary for grasping objects in the palm or between the finger tips.

Front 21

flexion

Back 21

Movement involving bending - decreasing the angle between two bones.

Front 22

extension

Back 22

Movement involving straightening - increasing the angle between two bones.

Front 23

abduction

Back 23

Movement away from the midline of the body.

Front 24

adduction

Back 24

Movement towards the midline of the body.

Front 25

rotation

Back 25

Movement around the long axis of a bone.

Front 26

circumduction

Back 26

The circular movement of a body part.

Front 27

dorsiflexion

Back 27

Movement of the foot when on the heels.

Front 28

plantarflexion

Back 28

Movement of the foot when pointing the toes.

Front 29

supination

Back 29

Movement of the forearm to turn the palm up.

Front 30

pronation

Back 30

Movement of the forearm to turn the palm over.