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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Holometabolic
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Complete Metamorphism (diptera, trichoptera)
larvae - simple eyes no wing pads poor differentiation definite pupal stage |
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Hemimetabolic
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Incomplete Metamorphosis (Coleoptera, hemiptera, ephemeroptera, odonata)
larval structure similar to adult 3 definite body sections wing pads developing on thorax 3 pairs of true legs on thorax compound eyes present larvae = nymphs or naiads |
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Tracheal gills
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thin evagination of cuticular wall
closed breathing system ventillation often assisted by body movements or articulation |
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Hemoglobin
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Chironomid larvae (bloodworms)
hemoglobin will release oxygen under low O2 gas pressure (water, mud) Closed breathing system most gas exchange - transcuticular body undulation causes blood saturation High CO2 conc. in body tissues causes O2 release |
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Compressible (physical) Gills
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Used by hemipterans (some coleopteran adults)
held under wings replenished at head or abdomen Notonectidae, corixidae can use bubble for long periods of time plastron = permanent gill (Hemiptera) |
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Osmoregulation
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salts metabolically critical (higher concentration than outside insect)
- waxy epicuticle (minimize water intake) - hypotonic urine (more dilute than body fluids) - active transport of salts (tracheal and rectal gills) |
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Freeze tolerance
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start freezing in ECF by nucleation
can cause cell dehydration |
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Freeze avoidance
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denucleation of ECF
production of an antifreeze, which slows ice crystal formation |
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Coleoptera
(Holometabolic) |
Respiration: transcuticular, functional terminal spiracles, physical gill in adults/pupae
Locomotion: Dytiscidae - frog-style unison Hydrophilidae - alternating movement Haliplidae - poor swimmers, crawl Gyrinidae - swim on surface |
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Hemiptera
(Hemimetabolic) |
Respiration: physical gills under wings, Gerridae have hydrofuge hairs, Belostomatidae have "breathing strap" w/ spiracles
Locomotion: Corrixidae - quick pulses from oar-like mid and hind legs Notonectidae - swim on back w/ hind legs Gerridae - row w/ mid legs, steer w/ hind legs, create depression on surface Belostomatidae - synchronous strikes of oarlike mid and hind legs |
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Odonata
(Hemimetabolic) |
Zygoptera:
-transcuticular respiration via caudal gills that expand in low O2 env. Anisoptera: -internal abdominal tracheal gills ventillated by rectal muscle movement -rectal movement creates short bursts of movement |
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Trichoptera
(Holometabolous) |
respiration: body movement of larvae w/in case generate a current aiding gas exchange through tracheal gills
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Ephemeroptera
(Hemimetabolic) |
tracheal gill and transcuticular respiration
adult flight in swarms |
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Megaloptera
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lack of wingpads, 3 pairs of segmented legs on thoracic segments
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Diptera
(Holometabolic) |
locomotion: forewings functional for flight, hind wings for balance
-Chaoboridae -Chironomidae -Culicidae respiration: TCR, chironomids have closed system w/ hemoglobin |
