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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the periodic table contain? |
Elements with the same properties form collums |
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What does this terms mean? Atom |
Atom- single particle which are the building blocks of all materials |
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What does this term mean? Molecule |
Molecule-group of atoms bonded together representing the smallest unit of a chemical compound
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What does this term mean? Element |
Element-only one type of atom
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What does this term mean? Compound |
Compound-2+ elements chemically bonded |
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What does this term mean? Mixture |
Mixture-1+ element/compound not chemically bonded
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What happens to atoms when they chemically react to form a compound? |
They share,give away or take electrons |
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What is the name of H2O? |
Water |
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What is the name of CACO3? |
Calcium carbonate |
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What is the name of H2SO4? |
Sulfuric acid |
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What is the name of HCl? |
Hydrochloric acid |
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What is the name of CO2? |
Carbon dioxide? |
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What is limestone used to produce? |
Cement, concrete, glass and building materials Heated with clay in a kiln=cement Cement+sand=mortar Sand+cement+aggregate=concrete |
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What is a quarry and what are the pros&cons of quarrying for materials? |
A quarry is a place where large amounts of raw materials such as ores and limestone are removed from the ground Pros= employment&economic benefits& land is restored when quarrying is done Cons= noisy&ugly&habitat destruction&huge ugly holes that change the landscape |
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What is the equation for when a metal reacts with water? |
Metal+water=metal hydroxide+hydrogen |
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What is the equation for when a metal reacts with air? |
Metal+oxygen=metal oxide |
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What are cations? |
Cations are atoms which lose electrons and have a positive charge |
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What are anions? |
Anions are atoms which have gained electrons and have a negative charge |
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Do metal atoms lose or gain electrons? |
They lose electrons becoming positive in charge |
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Do non-metal atoms lose or gain electrons? |
Non-metals gain electrons becoming negative in charge |
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How does an electrostatic precipitator work? |
1) Smoke particles pick up a negative charge. 2) Smoke particles are attracted to the collecting plates 3) Collecting plates are knocked to remove the smoke particles |
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What happens in a reaction between sodium and chlorine? |
Ionic bonding= sodium loses one electron to form Na+ and chlorine gains the electron to form Cl- |
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What happens in a reaction between magnesium and oxygen? |
Ionic bonding=magnesium loses two electrons forming Mg2+ and oxygen gains the two electrons forming O2- Mg+O=MgO |
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What happens in the reaction between calcium and chlorine? |
Ionic bonding= calcium needs to lose two electrons and chlorine needs to gain one so calcium loses two electrons and chlorine atoms gain one electron each Ca+Cl2=CaCl2 |
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How is pure iron turned into steel? |
Add carbon= this means that the atoms cannot slide past one another as easily=making it stronger (steel) High carbon steel= HARD Low carbon steel=EASILY SHAPED Stainless steel=RESISTANT TO CORROSION |
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Why is the extraction of aluminium&titanium so expensive? |
There are so many stages Requires a lot of ENERGY |
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What is an alloy and why are they used? |
Alloys are mixtures of metals with other elements E.g. iron+carbon=steel |
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What is a smart alloy and why are they used? |
Smart alloys can return to their original shape afyer being deformed E.g glasses frames and braces |
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Where are the tranistion metald found in the periodic table? What are their properties? |
Transition metals are found in the middle of the periodic table=used as building materials Easily shaped Hard (strong) Good conductors of heat +electricity Less reactive |
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How is copper usually extracted? What is it used for? |
Copper is extracted by reduction with carbon and then is purified by electrolysis It is used for pipes and electric cablez |
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What is an ore? |
A rock with enough metal to make it worthwhile extracting the metal from |
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Why is it important to recycle? |
We have a limiyed supple of resources left e.g. oil Recycling will cut down the amount of rubbish that gets sent to the landfill sites and SAVES MONEY Also recycling only uses a fraction of the amount of the energy needed to mine and extract new resources |
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Some metals can be extracted from ores using carbon-how does this work? |
If carbon is more reactive than the metal,it reacts with oxygen to purify it (reduction) |
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Give 2 metals that can be extracted by carbon. Give 2 metals that cannot be extracted by carbon. |
Can- iron and lead Cannot- potassium and magnesium |
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Why is aluminium and titanium useful metals? Why are they not extracted by carbon? |
They have low densities and are resistant to corrosion They are more reactive than carbon in the reactivity series |
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What is the properties of pure iron? |
Easily shaped and too soft for most jobs because of the regular arrangement of the atoms (they can slide past each other) |
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What are the signs of a chemical reaction? |
Change in colour A gas being released(fizzing/bubbles) Change in temperature Solid may be forming when two solutions are mixed |
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What are the properties of the transition metals? |
They are metals They form coloured compounds Good conductors of heat and electricity Can be easily shaped They are less reactive than group 1 High melting points High densities and are very hard |
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What is electrolysis? |
Electrolysis is a way of extracting metals from their ores but it is very expensive as a lot of energy is required |
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What are the steps involved in electrolysis? |
Make the metal ore molten to release the metal ions so they can move Electrode cause the metal ions(+ve) to flow to the (-ve) electrode At the cathode the ions pick up spare electrons turning from ion to atom where they are collected |
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Where do ions go during electrolysis? |
Postive ions go to the negative electrode Negatively charged ions go to the positive electrode |
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What is phytomining? |
Plants absorb metal compounds when they grow Once a significant amount of metal compound is absorbed= plants are burned producing ash that contains the metal |
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What is bioleaching? |
Bacteria produce leachate solutions that contain metal compounds The bacteria get energy from the bond between copper and sulfur separating out the copper from the ore. |
