Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the four stages of respiration?
|
Glycolysis, link reaction, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain
|
|
|
What happens in glycolysis? (Basic)
|
Splitting of 6C glucose into two 3C pyruvate molecules
|
|
|
What happens in the link reaction? (Basic)
|
Conversion of 3C pyruvate into carbon dioxide and 2C molecule called acetylcoenzyme A
|
|
|
What happens in the Krebs cycle? (Basic)
|
The introduction of acetyl CoA into a cycle of oxidation-reduction reactions that yield some ATP and a large number of electrons
|
|
|
What happens in the ETC? (Basic)
|
The use of the electrons produced in the Krebs cycle to synthesise ATP with water produced as a by-product
|
|
|
What are the four main stages of glycolysis?
|
Activation of glucose by phosphorylation
Splitting of phosphorylated glucose (into TP) Oxidation of TP Production of ATP --> Formation of Pyruvate |
|
|
What is the product of glycolysis?
|
Net gain of two ATP molecules
Two molecules of RNAD TWO molecules of Pyruvate |
|
|
Where are the enzymes for glycolysis found?
|
In the CYTOPLASM of cells - does NOT require any organelle or membrane - no oxygen required
|
|
|
Where does the link reaction/Krebs cycle take place in eukaryotic cells?
|
The mitochondria
|
|
|
The pyruvate molecules produced in the cytoplasm during __________ are actively transported into the ______ of the ____________
|
glycolysis, matrix, mitochondria
|
|
|
What happens to pyruvate in its conversion to acetyl CoA?
|
It is oxidised by removing hydrogen (which is accepted by NAD)
Carbon dioxide is lost The 2C compound (acetyl group) combines with CoA to form Acetyl CoA |
|
|
Pyruvate + NAD + CoA -->
|
Acetyl CoA + RNAD + Carbon dioxide
|
|
|
Where is the carbon dioxide produced in respiration?
|
Directly form the molecules involved in the link reaction and Krebs cycle
|
|
|
What is produced from one molecule of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle?
|
Reduced coenzymes (NAD and FAD)
1 ATP molecule 3 Carbon dioxide molecules Remember this is *2 for total products |
|
|
What does NAD do?
|
It works with dehydrogenase enzymes that catalyse the removal of hydrogen ions from substrates and transfer them to other molecules such as the hydrogen carriers involved in oxidative phosphorylation
|
|
|
What is the significance of the Krebs cycle? (I.e. what happens?)
|
Macromolecules are broken down
Hydrogen atoms are produced that are carried by NAD to the ETC for oxidative phosphorylation It regenerates the 4C molecule that would otherwise accumulate It's a source of intermediate compounds used by cells in the manufacture of other important substances such as fatty acids, amino acids and chlorophyll |
|
|
What's special about the mitochondria of cells that have a high metabolic rate?
|
They are more densely packed with cristae
|
|
|
What is the importance of oxygen in respiration?
|
To act as the final acceptor of hydrogen atoms. Without its role in removing H atoms at the end of the chain, the protons would 'back up' and respiration would come to a halt. Cyanide is a non-competitive inhibitor of the final enzyme in the ETC
|
