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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mitochondria
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organelle for respiration
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nucleus
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contains DNA
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chloroplasts
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organelle in plants for photosynthesis
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ribosome
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makes proteins
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cytoplasm
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where chemical reactions occur
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cell membrane
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controls flow of substances in and out of the cell
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diffusion
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the net movement of particles against a concentration gradient
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osmosis
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movement of water from a high concetration to a low one
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active transport
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movement of substances that requires energy
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photosynthesis
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carbon dioxide + water --> glucose + oxygen. Needs light
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chlorophyll
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green pigment in chloroplasts
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iodine test
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tests for starch
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limiting factors for photosynthesis
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things that limit the rate of photosynthesis eg CO2, light and temperature
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starch
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the storage sugar in plants, made from glucose
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minerals
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plants need these for healthy growth
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pyramid of biomass
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shows the transfer of energy through a food chain, in terms of the amount of material
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pyramid of numbers
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shows the number of organisms in a food chain
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decomposer
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bacteria that feed on waste droppings and dead organisms
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detritus feeders
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eg worms or maggots eat dead plants and animals
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conditions that affect decay
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temperature, moisture, oxygen
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carbon cycle
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how carbon is cycled in and out of the atmosphere by processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, burning and decay
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enzyme
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a biological catalyst
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how enzymes work
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they lower the activation energy when an enzyme-substrate comlex is formed
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factors that affecct enzyme action
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temperature and pH
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respiration
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glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide and water
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digestion
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needs enzymes to break large food molecules down
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carbohydrases
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break down carbohydrates
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proteases
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break down protein
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lipases
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break down fats
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homeostasis
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maintaining the internal conditions
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thermoregulatory centre
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regulates body temperature
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diabetes
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when blood sugar levels are not maintained
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insulin
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made in the pancreas, removes glucose from the blood and stores it inteh liver as glycogen
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glucagon
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made in the pancreas, converts glycogen to glucose
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cell division
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when cells divide
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mitosis
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when cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells
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stem cells
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undifferentiated cells which can become any type of cell. They can be used to treat some illnesses
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meiosis
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cell division which produces gametes. The gametes have half the amount of DNA of normal cells
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Mendel
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A Monk who gave us the basics of inheritance
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Punnett square
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how we show genetic crosses
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cystic fibrosis
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an inherited disease
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dominant allele
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an allele which will show the characteristic even if only one of them is present
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