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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atomic number |
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
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Mass number |
the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
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Isotopes |
atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers or atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
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Relative isotopic mass |
the ratio of the mass of one atom of that isotope to 1/12th of the mass of one atom of carbon-12 |
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Relative atomic mass |
the ratio of the average mass of an atom to 1/12th of the mass of one atom of carbon-12 |
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Relative molecular mass |
the ratio of the average mass of a molecule (or formula unit) to 1/12th of the mass of carbon-12 |
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First ionisation energy |
the heat energy required to remove one electron from each of a mole of free gaseous atoms of that element |
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Second ionisation energy |
the heat energy required to remove one electron from each of a mole of free gaseous unipositive ions of that element |
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Avogadro's number |
the number of elementary particles that there are in 12.000 grams of carbon-12 |
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Mole |
the amount of a substance containing the same number of elementary particles as there are in 12.000 grams of carbon-12 |
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Molar mass |
the mass of a substance containing the same number of elementary particles as there are in 12.000 grams of carbon-12 |
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Empirical formula |
the simplest whole number ratio in which the atoms of each element in a compound are found |
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Molecular formula |
the number of atoms of each element in one molecule of the substance |
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Ionic bond |
an attraction between oppositely charged ions |
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Covalent bond |
a pair of electrons shared between two atoms |
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Dative covalent bond |
a pair of electrons shared between two atoms, one of which provides both of the electrons |
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Metallic bond |
an attraction between a cation and a sea of delocalised electrons |
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Electronegativity |
the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a covalent bond. |
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Polar bond |
the existence of partial positive and negative charges on each end of the bond as a result of the unequal sharing of electrons |
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s-block element |
an element with s-electrons only in its outer shell |
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p-block element |
an element with p-electrons in its outer shell |
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d-block element |
an element with s and d-electrons but no p-electrons in its outer shell |
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Homologous Series |
series of compounds with the same functional group in which the molecular formula varies by –CH2- from one member to the next |
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Isomerism |
a number of different structures having the same molecular formula |
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Structural Isomerism |
the same molecular formula, but a different arrangement of covalent bonds |
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Chain Isomerism |
the same molecular formula, but a different arrangement of carbon atoms in the chain |
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Positional Isomerism |
the same molecular formula, but the functional group in a different position |
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Functional Isomerism |
the same molecular formula, but a different functional group |
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Functional group |
an atom or group of atoms which confer specific physical and chemical properties to the molecule |
