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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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INDUSTRIALIZATION: CAUSES
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• Agricultural revolution
o Replaced open field system with continuous rotation • 1763: Britain had realized its goal of monopolizing a vast trade and colonial empire for its benefits, this marked a major step toward the indust rev. • creation of cotton textile industry |
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MAIN CITIES AND CONDITIONS IN CITIES
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• Liverpool and Manchester: financial/tech success, railroads
More money, more poverty |
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CONDITIONS IN FACTORIES
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• factories resemble poorhouses
• not allowed to form unions • came as family units (factory act broke this) • women suffered/some thought there was sexual exploitation |
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SIGNIFICANT INVENTIONS AND INVENTORS
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• James Hargreaves/Richard Arkwright: spinning machines meant to inc. prod. of cotton thread
• James Watt: efficient steam engine o Also gave boom to the iron industry • George Stephenson: railroad o Reduced cost/uncertainty of shipping freight overload o Markets became larger/nationwide o Growth of urban workers, demand for unskilled labor |
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DAVID RICARDO
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• “iron law of wages”: due to population growth, wages will always be subsistence level (just enough to keep from starving)
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ADAM SMITH
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• said freely competitive private enterprise would mean greater income for all
• laissez-faire |
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THOMAS MALTHUS
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• said population will grow faster than food supply
• only way to limit famine/disease was to marry late in life |
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LUDDITES
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• handicraft workers who didn’t approve of factory conditions
• attacked factories in N.eng and smashed new machines |
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CHARTIESTS
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• political democracy was the goal
• all men should get right to vote Had 6 demands. #1 was univ. male suffrage |
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BRITISH PARLIAMENT AND FACTORY ACTS
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• Factory Act of 1833: limited factory work children 9-13 to 8 hrs. and 14-18 12 hours. Prohibited employing ages 9 and younger. Broke pattern of family units in factory
• Mines Act of 1842: Prohibited underground work for all women & boys under 10 |
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EDWIN CHADWICK
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• Said disease/death cause poverty
• “sanitary idea”: disease could be prevented by cleaning up urban environment • his reports became basis of Britain’s first public health law. modern urban sewer system |
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RESULTS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION
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• revealed the bad city conditions
• raised poverty, more people, lived better/power |
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GREAT REFORM BILL OF 1832
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Doubles # of men who can vote from 8 - 16%
votes taken away from rural to urban people |
