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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Latifundia |
Huge state-run & slave-worked farms in ancient Rome |
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Eunuchs |
Castrated males, originally in charge of the harem, who grew to play major roles in government; eunuchs were common in China & other societies |
Factions in Han Dynasty |
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Harem |
The separate part of a Muslim household reserved for wives, concubines, and female servants. |
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Ahimsa |
Jain term for the principle of nonviolence to other living things or their souls. |
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Achaemenid Empire |
First great Persian empire (588-330 B.C.E.), which began under Cyrus & reached it's peak under Darius. |
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Ahura Mazda |
Main god of Zoroastrianism who represented truth & goodness & was perceived to be in an wherewithal l eternal struggle with the malign spirit Angra Mainyu. |
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Artha |
Hindu concept for the pursuit of economic well-being & honest prosperity. |
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Arthashastra |
Ancient Indian political treatise from the time of Chandragupta Maurya; it's authorship was originally ascribed to Kautalya, & it stressed that war was inevitable. |
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Aryans |
Indo-European migrants who settled in India after 1500 B.C.E.; their union with indigenous Dravidians formed the basis of Hinduism. |
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Assyrians |
Southwest Asian people who built an empire that reached its height during the 8th & 7th centuries B.C.E ; it was known for a powerful army & well-structured state. |
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Avesta |
Book that contains the holy writing of Zoroastrianism. |
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Bantu |
African peoples who originally lived in the area of present-day Nigeria; around 2000 B.C.E. they began a centuries-long migration that took them to most of sub-Saharan Africa; the Bantu were very influential, especially linguistically. |
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Bodhisattvas |
Buddhist concept regarding individuals who had reached enlightenment but who stayed in this world to help people. |
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Carthage |
Northern African kingdom, main rival to early Roman expansion, that was defeated by Rome in the Punic Wars. |
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City-State |
Urban areas that controlled surrounding agricultural regions & that were often loosely connected in a broader political structure with other city-states. |
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Buddhism |
Religion, based on Four Noble Truths, associated with Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 B.C.E.) or the Buddha; it's adherents desired to eliminate all distracting passion & reach nirvana. |
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Confucianism |
Philosophy, based on the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Kong Fuzi (551-479 B.C.E.), or Confucius, that emphasises order, the rule of the gentleman, obligation to society, & reciprocity. |
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Cuneiform |
Written language of the Sumerians, probably the first written script in the world. |
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Dao |
Key element in Chinese philosophy that means the "way of nature" or the "way of the cosmos." |
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Daoism |
Chinese philosophy with origins in the Zhou dynasty; it's associated with legendary philosopher Laozi, & it called for a policy of noncompetition. |
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Dharma |
Hindu concept of obedience to religious & moral laws & order; also, the basic doctrine of Buddhism. |
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Disapora |
People who have settled far from their original homeland but who still share some measure of ethnic identity. |
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Four Noble Truths |
The foundation of the Buddhist thought: (1) life is pain, (2) pain is caused by desire, (3) elimination of desire will bring an end to pain, (4) living a life based on the Noble Eightfold Path will eliminate desire. |
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Gathas |
Zoroastrian hymns believed to be compositions of Zarathustra. |
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Gupta |
Indian dynasty (320-550 C.E.) that briefly reunited India after the collapse of the earlier Mauryan dynasty. |
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Hellenistic Era |
Phase in Greek history (328-146 B.C.E.) from the conquest of Greece by Philip of Macedon until Greece's fall to the Romans; this era was a more cosmopolitan age facilitated by the conquests of Alexander the Great. |
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Hinduism |
Main religion is India, a combination of Dravidian & Aryan concepts; Hinduism's goal is to reach spiritual purity & union with the great world spirit; its important concepts include dharma, karma, & samsara. |
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Hyksos |
Invaders who seized the Nile delta & helped bring an end to the Egyptian Middle Kingdom. |
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Indo-Europeans |
Tribal groups from southern Russia who, over a period of millennia, embarked on a series of migrations from India through western Europe; their greatest legacy was the broad distribution of Indo-European languages throughout Eurasia. |
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Indra |
Early Indian god associated with the Aryans; Indra was the king of the gods & was associate with warfare & thunderbolts. |
Zeus |
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Jainism |
Indian religion associated with the teacher Vardhamana Mahavira (540-468 B.C.E.) in which every physical object possessed a soul; Jains believe in complete nonviolence to all living beings. |
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Jati |
Indian word for a Hindi subcaste. |
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Kama |
Hindu concept of the enjoyment of physical & sexual pleasure. |
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Karma |
Hindu concept that the sum of good & bad in a person's life will determine his or her status in the next life. |
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Kshatriyas |
Hindu caste of warriors & aristocrats |
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