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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Winston Churchill created the term "iron curtain" to address
A) impending elections in Poland B) the US monopoly on nuclear technology at the end of World War II C) Stalin's non-negotiable demands at Potsdam D) the Soviet-imposed dividing line separating Eastern Europe from the West E) the repression of democratic freedoms in Eastern Europe |
D) the Soviet-imposed dividing line separating Eastern Europe from the West
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The Marshall Plan was a significant piece of Cold War strategy by the US designed to
A) provide military assistance to countries fighting Communist uprisings B) control nuclear technoloby and place it under the control of the United Nations energy commission C) use massive economic assistance to rebuild European countries after WWII in order to promote political stability D) provide funds for scientific research for the H-bomb E) aggressively promote democratic reforms in Latin America and the Middle East |
use massive economic assistance to rebuild European countries after WWII in order to promote political stability
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In an influential 1947 article, diplomat George F. Keenan advocated that the US should
A) conduct covert activities in underdeveloped countries to undermine communist movements B) invade the Soviet Union to establish democracy C) grant most-favored-nation status to China D) focus its foreign policy on containing the spread of Soviet communism E) adopt a more conciliatory policy toward the Soviet Union |
focus its foreign policy on containing the spread of Soviet communism
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Which of the following is true about the Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961?
A) It was consistent with the philosophy behind President Kennedy's Alliance for Progress. B) It was the first CIA attempt to topple an anti-American regime. C) It assumed that the Cuban people would rise against Castro. D) It was a well-conceived plan to oust Fidel Castro from power. E) It was a classic application of massive retaliation. |
It assumed that the Cuban people would rise against Castro.
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The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution showed that Congress believed the
A) president should have more authority to deal with the Vietnamese conflict B) US should pull its forces out of Vietnam C) president must have the authority to bomb North Vietnam to stop infiltration into South Vietnam D) American navy was underfunded and required more resources in Vietnam E) president's war-making powers in Vietnam must be curtailed |
A) president should have more authority to deal with the Vietnamese conflict
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Which of the following is a correct statement about college-level edcation in the 20th century United States?
A) State universities increased scholarship aid during the Depression B) Private universities raised admission standards during the 1940s C) There was a sharp decline in college enrollment during the Vietname War. D) The baby boomers finished college in large numbers in the 1950s E) The GI Bill financed the education of male students during the post-WWII era |
E) The GI Bill financed the education of male students during the post-WWII era
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The decade after the Second World War was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
A) rapid and extensive suburbanization B) a population explosion known as the "baby boom" C) unprecedented prosperity D) the growing strength of the Civil Rights Movement E) widespread student opposition to the development of nuclear weaponry |
E) widespread student opposition to the development of nuclear weaponry
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The 1968 Tet Offensive was significant because it
A) reaffirmed popular support for the South Vietnamese government B) convinced President Johnson to begin bombing Cambodia C) pressured North Vietnam to come to the bargaining table D) led to increased antiwar sentiment in the US E) showed that American soldiers were ill equipped to fight in the jungle |
D) led to increased antiwar sentiment in the US
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In terms of goals, the Great Society of the 1960s hoped to
A) emulate the success of Eisenhower's Modern Republicanism B) increase the number of women working outside the home C) implement the economic theories of John Maynard Keynes D) expand the reforms of the New Deal and Fair Deal E) encourage the accumulation of wealth for America's corporate elite |
expand the reforms of the New Deal and Fair Deal
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Major domestic developments in the US during President Eisenhower's two terms included all of the following EXCEPT
A) the exodus of Black families from the rural South B) the dismantling of New Deal welfare programs C) a rise in the gross national product (GNP) D) the peaking of the postwar baby boom E) the beginning of construction of an interstate highway system |
the dismantling of New Deal welfare programs
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The policy of containment, justified by George Keenan's 1947 analysis of the international situation, called for
A) curbing US foreign investment to limit involvement in world conflict B) blocking the expansion of the Soviet Union's influence C) destabilizing the Soviet Union D) dividing Germany into zones administered by the US, Britain, and the Soviet Union E) liberating Eastern Europe from communism |
B) blocking the expansion of the Soviet Union's influence
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Which of the following is true of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?
A) It allowed the President to deploy combat troops in South Vietnam B) It provided for the first peace negotiations between the US and North Vietnam C) It barely passed in Congress, reflecting the bitter division over American involvement in Vietnam D) It ended the Vietnam War E) It was a statement of American policy that followed the Tet Offensive |
A) It allowed the President to deploy combat troops in South Vietnam
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In negotiations to end the Cuban Missile Crisis, President Kennedy promised to
A) establish a quota system for Cuban refugees to the US B) refrain from a military invasion of Cuba C) send economic aid to Cuba under the Alliance of Progress D) allow Cuban propaganda in Latin America E) reduce the number of United States missiles on the North American continent |
B) refrain from a military invasion of Cuba
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Influential critics of the 1950s, such as David Riesman, were most concerned with which of the following aspects of life in the US following WWII?
A) The threat to the nation from communist subversion B) The economic responsibilities of being a world superpower C) The spread of political corruption D) Schooling for the baby-boom generation E) Alienation and conformity in modern society |
E) Alienation and conformity in modern society
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Neighborhoods, like Levitt Town, showed what some social critics believed to be
A) the cause of decreased agricultural production B) the end of social and economic differentiation in housing C) a representation of the conformity of postwar culture D) tangible evidence of the strength of the nation's largest cities E) a sign that Americans were becoming more tolerant of cultural differences |
C) a representation of the conformity of postwar culture
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The major objective of the antipoverty program of LBJ's Great Society was to
A) build a socialist society in the United States B) provide temporary benefits to the "new poor" during times of recession C) transfer the federal government's responsibility for welfare back to the states D) simplify welfare by replacing job programs with cash grants for the poor E) break the cycle of poverty among poor people through education and job training |
E) break the cycle of poverty among poor people through education and job training
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Major domestic developments in the US during President Eisenhower's two terms included all of the following EXCEPT
A) a rise in the gross national product (GNP) B) the peaking of the postwar baby boom C) the beginning of construction of an interstate highway system D) the dismantling of New Deal welfare programs E) the exodus of Black families from the rural South |
D) the dismantling of New Deal welfare programs
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Which of the following was true of women in the five years following the Second World War?
A) Those working outside the home demanded equality in pay and promotion opportunities B) They contributed to a sudden decline in the birth rate by employing new family planning techniques C) Large numbers were elected to igh office because of their contributions to the war effort D) Young women participated in a revolution in manners and morals that challenged the values of their parents E) Large numbers left their industrial jobs to make room for returning soldiers |
E) Large numbers left their industrial jobs to make room for returning soldiers
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One of the immediate consequences of the Tet offensive in 1968 was that
A) populat support for the war declined in the US B) President Johnson completed the process of Bietnamization C) Congress gave great support to President Johnson's war policies D) the South Vietnamese government was overthrown E) North Vietnamese troops took control of Saigon |
A) populat support for the war declined in the US
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In his farewell address, President Dwight D. Eisenhower warned Americans about the dangers of
A) communist subversion of the civil rights movement B) presidential candidate Richard Nixon C) insufficient federal spending on the needs of the poor D) the military-industrial complex E) the lack of a national health insurance program |
D) the military-industrial complex
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Which of the following is not associated with the youth culture of the 1960s?
A) Free speech movement at the University of California B) Hippies, love-ins, and communes C) Popularity of the Beatles D) The Woodstock Festival in 1969 E) The first appearance of beatniks |
E) The first appearance of beatniks
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In terms of goals, the Great Society of the 1960s hoped to
A) implement the economic theories of John Maynard Keynes B) increase the number of women working outside the home C) expand the reforms of the New Deal and Fair Deal D) emulate the success of Eisenhower's Modern Republicanism E) encourage the accumulation of wealth for America's corporate elite |
C) expand the reforms of the New Deal and Fair Deal
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During the decade of the 1950s, all of the following forms of entertainment or amusement were popular EXCEPT
A) drive-in theaters B) Disneyland C) rock and roll music D) movie theaters E) "I Love Lucy" and "American Bandstand" (along with a host of other television shows |
D) movie theaters
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Through his "flexible response" philosophy, President Kennedy hoped to
A) develop a wide variety of nuclear responses in Third World wars B) use a variety of economic weapons to fight Comunists C) reverse containment and roll back communism in both Asia and Europe D) have a variety of military options to fight Communist aggression E) rely more on the navy than the army in the Cold War |
D) have a variety of military options to fight Communist aggression
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Senator Joseph McCarthy gained popularity in the country in 1950 when he
A) aided in the convictions of Alger Hiss and Ethel and Julius Rosenburg B) claimed to have a list of 206 "card-carrying Communists" in the US C) had Richard Nixon censured in Congress D) voted against UN actions in Korea E) served as a member of the HUAC |
B) claimed to have a list of 206 "card-carrying Communists" in the US
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In 1964, the alleged attack by the North Vietnamese against US naval ships in the Gulf of Tonkin resulted in
A) Congress requesting that the president immediately withdraw all American troops from the region B) President Johnson asking Congress for a formal declaration of war against North Vietnam C) the United States launching secret bombing raids against Cambodia and North Vietnam D) plans for a nuclear strike against North Vietnam E) Congress passing a resolution granting the president the necessary authority to escalate military involvement in Vietnam as needed |
E) Congress passing a resolution granting the president the necessary authority to escalate military involvement in Vietnam as needed
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"I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting atempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. I believe that we must assist free people to work out their own destinies in their own way. I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes. The statement above is taken from
A) Truman's request for funds to support Greece and Turkey against communism in 1947 B) LBJ's request for funds to support South Vietnam against communism in 1964 C) Eisenhower's request for funds to support the Middle East against communism in 1956 D) Truman's request to protect South Korea from communism E) LBJ's request for funds to support Cambodia and Laos against communism in 1968 |
A) Truman's request for funds to support Greece and Turkey against communism in 1947
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The early years of the Cold War (1948-1953) were marked by all of the following EXCEPT
A) the US and USSR completing tests of H-bombs within months of each other B) the NSC-68 discussing the inadequacy of US military programs, thus calling for a massive buildup and an increase in funding for the armed forces in an effort to contain the Soviets C) the USSR teswting its first nuclear bomb D) the trials of Alger Hiss and Ethel and Julis Rosenburg E) the final resolution of the conflict in Korea |
E) the final resolution of the conflict in Korea
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The phenonmenon of the baby boom was a result of all of the following EXCEPT
A) an increase in the fertility rate in the 1950s B) a decline in the infant mortality rate C) the promotion of conservative views of women and their role in the family D) a rise in general prosperity following the end of WWII E) a sexual revolution in the 1950s |
E) a sexual revolution in the 1950s
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"Operation Vittles," otherwise known as the Berlin Airlift, was significant for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
A) Materials were flown in twenty-four hours a day by US and British troops B) It was a way to confront the spreading threat of communism right after the end of World War II C) It demonstrated a challenge to Soviet rule in Berlin D) It proved to be very successful after eleven months of flights E) It created friction between Truman and his generals as they wanted to invade East Germany |
E) It created friction between Truman and his generals as they wanted to invade East Germany
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As a civil rights leader in the 1950s, Martin Luther King Jr. believed that
A) whites must be excluded from the equal rights crusade B) The Supreme Court was the only government body that cared about African Americans C) economic advancement was more important than political or social rights for African Americas D) only violence would change white America's racial attitudes E) protests must be grounded in Christian principles |
E) protests must be grounded in Christian principles
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Jimmy Carter had his greatest success as president in
A) dealing with terrorism B) restoring the effectiveness of the presidency C) advancing Middle East diplomacy D) improving Soviet-American relations E) solving the energy crisis |
C) advancing Middle East diplomacy
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In the decade following the Second World War, the Supreme Court decision that had the most widespread consequences concerned which of the following?
A) Congressional reapportionment B) Immigration policy C) the jurisdiction of courts in determining war guilt D) the rights of minority groups E) the federal government's powers of taxation |
D) the rights of minority groups
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The Pentagon Papers, released in 1971, showed that
A) President Nixon was more responsible for the Vietnam quagmire thatn the public believed B) America was fighting in Vietnam only to protect American business interests C) George Ball had great influence on President Johnson's decision to escalate the war D) the government had misled the nation abou America's involvement in Vietnam E) the Pentagon rather than the White House made the critical decisions during the Vietnam War |
D) the government had misled the nation abou America's involvement in Vietnam
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In July 1974, the Supreme Court ruled that President Nixon had to give the subpoenaed tapes to the special prosecutor because
A) failure to do so was a clear violation of the constitutional mandate of a separation of powers B) the doctrine of executive privilege was unconstitutional C) his use of executive privilege had expired D) Nixon's rejection of the subpoena was based on the unconstitutional Bill of Attainder E) no person could withhold evidence that was demonstrably relevant in a criminal trial |
E) no person could withhold evidence that was demonstrably relevant in a criminal trial
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During the 1970s, the two major oil news stories were the OPEC oil embargo, resulting in a sharp increase in oil prices, and
A) the US dependence on Mexican oil reserves B) the construction of the Alaska pipeline C) the Teapot Dome scandal involving the sale of naval oil reserves D) a legislative battle between conservatives and liberals over drilling rights on the continental shelf E) the oil drilling crisis in the Gulf of Mexico |
B) the construction of the Alaska pipeline
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"Reaaganomics," or supply-sde economics, led to which of the following?
A) increase in appropriations for school lunches B) large increases in the incomes of wealthy Americans C) a decline in unemployment and poverty D) greater tax revenues than government expenditures |
B) large increases in the incomes of wealthy Americans
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Students for a Democratic Society was primarily founded as
A) a group of students openly opposed to Richard Nixon and Lyndon Johnson B) an organization that promoted leftist politics in America, openly opposing the war in Vietnam and favoring racial equality in the US C) an organization of students in Eastern Europe promoting democratic reforms D) a group of college students who supported Richard Nixon and the so-called silent majority in the 1968 election E) a group working for the reelecction campaign of President Johnson early 1968 |
B) an organization that promoted leftist politics in America, openly opposing the war in Vietnam and favoring racial equality in the US
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The 1963 publication of Betty Friedan's "Feminine Mystique" called for women to
A) enter the work force in large numbers B) work hard to continue to live up to their popular image as wives, mothers, and homemakers C) denounce the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) D) use their newfound status in society to work for social reform and to run for political office E) pursue other interests and opportunities in life and not be bound to their domestic roles |
E) pursue other interests and opportunities in life and not be bound to their domestic roles
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Which of the following statements is true of the SALT I treaty?
A) It was intended to encourage the deployment of defensive rather than offensive strategic weapons. B) It brought sharp reductions in the number of ballstic missiles in both the US and Soviet arsenals. C) It was never ratified by the US Senate. D) It indicated US acceptance of the concept of Mutual Assured Destruction. E) It createdd basic equality in the number of ballistic missiles on each side. |
D) It indicated US acceptance of the concept of Mutual Assured Destruction.
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The Strategic Arms Limitations Talks (SALT,) expanded trade with the Soviet Union, and President Richard Nixon's visit to the People's Republic of China were all facets of the policy of
A) liberation B) deterrence C) detente D) brinkmanship E) rollback |
C) detente
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Richard Nison resigned from the presidency in August 1974 primarily due to
A) his role in the coverup of the expanding Watergate crisis B) his role in planning and overseeing the original Watergate break-in in June 1972 C) criticism of his firing of Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox during the Saturday Night Massacre D) the unpopularity of his Vietnam War policies E) the publication of the Pentagon Papers by the "New York Times" |
A) his role in the coverup of the expanding Watergate crisis
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The 1973 Supreme Court decision in "Roe v. Wade"
A) approved most state laws restricting abortions B) was opposed by Presidents Nixon, Ford, and Reagan C) assumed that life begins at conception D) declared that the rights of the mother supercede those of the fetus during the first three months of pregnancy E) cpncluded there is no right to privacy protected in the Constitution |
B) was opposed by Presidents Nixon, Ford, and Reagan
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Reagan's economic program, nicknamed "Reaganomics" generated criticism that
A) claimed tax increases would stifle economic recovery B) supply-side economics had run its course C) a huge tax cut was necessary to kick start the economy D) a huge federal deficit would only be passed on to future generations E) Reagan was following the same economic programs started by Jimmy Carter and Gerald Ford |
D) a huge federal deficit would only be passed on to future generations
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In May 1970, the campus at Kent State in Ohio became a focal point of the conflict in Vietnam when
A) students protested for "free speech" B) studetns rallied in support of Nixon's actions to end the war C) Nixon delivered a commencement address promising again to end US involvement in Vietnam D) two young Black men were killed by police gunfire and 12 other Black protesters were wounded during a campus protest E) four students were killed by National Guard troops during an anti-war demonstration |
E) four students were killed by National Guard troops during an anti-war demonstration
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One of the major reasons for the failure of the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was that
A) women leaders within the women's movement began to argue against the ERA claiming that it would destroy the traditional role of women B) affirmatice action quotas gave women equality in the workplace, making ERA unnecessary C) the "equality" language in the bill would apply only to women D) it was no longer necessary because of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 E) the decision in the "Roe v. Wade" case in 1973 silenced the women's movement |
A) women leaders within the women's movement began to argue against the ERA claiming that it would destroy the traditional role of women
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During Jimmy Carter's term as president, all of the following events occurred EXCEPT
A) double-digit inflation, a rise in interest rates, and a general slowdown in the economy B) an increase in the promotion of human rights issues in US foreign policy C) improved relations between Israel and Egypt D) Iranians holding Americans from the USS Embassy in Teheran hostage for 444 days E) growing popular confidence in the dieals of limitless economic opportunities for Americans and democratic freedom in the world |
E) growing popular confidence in the dieals of limitless economic opportunities for Americans and democratic freedom in the world
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A near-meltdown at a US nuclear power plant, causing overheating and the release of radioactive gases, ocurred at 4:00 AM on March 28, 1979, at a reactor
A) owned by the PG & E power company in California B) at the Three-Mile Island nuclear power facility near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania C) in Los Alamos, New Mexico D) at a power plant in Prince William Sound in Alaska E) at a nuclear power plant at Love Canal in upstate New York |
B) at the Three-Mile Island nuclear power facility near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
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The high inflation rates of the late 1960s and early 1970s were primarily the result of
A) increased investment in major industries B) major state and federal tax increases C) spending on social-welfare programs and the Vietnam War D) deregulation of major industries E) a decline in foreign trade |
C) spending on social-welfare programs and the Vietnam War
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In calling for Black Power, Stokely Carmichael expressed the view that blacks
A) should reject the preaching of Malcolm X and rally to support Martin Luther King, Jr. B) should join the antiwar movement and unify with white radicals C) should reject integration and assert their racial pride and independence D) must seek their heritage by returning en masse to Africa E) must elect black members of Congress to achieve civil rights |
C) should reject integration and assert their racial pride and independence
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The issue decided in the case of "Bakke v. Board of Regents of California" was the
A) government's power to set clean air standards B) father's rights in an abortion decision C) scope and fairness of affirmative action D) speed by which schools should desegregate E) right of freedom of speech during wartime |
C) scope and fairness of affirmative action
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Port Huron Statement was significant in the 1960s because it
A) called on young people to support President Johnson's Vietnam policy B) made it clear that union workers were planning to defend traditional values against the counter-culture C) reflected young peoples' disallusionment with American society and their commitment to political change D) was a declaration of resistance to US policies in Vietnam E) called on young ment to avoid the draft and flee to Canada |
C) reflected young peoples' disallusionment with American society and their commitment to political change
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Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan were similar as presidential candidates in that both
A) had built national reputations as legislators B) capitalized on their status as Washington outsiders C) renounced private fund-raising in support of their campaigns D) articulated the public's desire for less involvement in foreign affairs E) promised Congress increased control over domestic matters |
B) capitalized on their status as Washington outsiders
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The 1970s and 1980s saw an increase in all of the following EXCEPT
A) the number of women holding political office B) the percentage of two-parent households C) the influence of Christian fundamentalism D) the average age of Americans E) support for consumer and environmental movements |
B) the percentage of two-parent households
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Which of the following best describes President Eisenhower's civil rights beliefs?
A) He supported segregation and vlieved America was better off divided along racial lines. B) He wanted Congress rather than the courts to take the lead in desegregating schools. C) He worked closely with Martin Luther King, Jr. to expand the "Brown v. Board of Education" ruling into all aspects of American life. D) He opposed integration by judicial decree and did little to promote civil rights beyond the legal requirements. E) He was a strong advocate of civil rights and placed this issue high on his presidential agenda. |
D) He opposed integration by judicial decree and did little to promote civil rights beyond the legal requirements.
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What vice president, charged with accepting bribes and kickbacks while he was a state executive, pleaded "nolo contendere" to bribery charges and resigned from office?
A) Richard Nixon B) Walter Mondale C) Dan Quayle D) Gerald Ford E) Spiro Agnew |
E) Spiro Agnew
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The "graying" of America since the 1970s is widely seen as threatenng which of the following?
A) immigration quotas B) the consumer culture of American society C) the long-term viability of the social security system D) the American tourist industry E) voter turnout in local and national elections |
C) the long-term viability of the social security system
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Which of the following civil rights groups is NOT correctly matched with one of its leading figures?
A) Black Muslims--Malcolm X B) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People--Roy Wilkins C) Southern Christian Leadership Conference--Marcus Garvey D) Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee--Stokely Carmichael E) Black Panthers--Huey Newton |
C) Southern Christian Leadership Conference--Marcus Garvey
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The National Organization for Women (NOW) was founded in 1966 in order to
A) advocate restrictions on access to abortion B) challenge sex discrimination in the workplace C) oppose the proposed Equal Rights Amendment D) encourage women to believe in the "feminine mystique" E) advocate equal access for women to athletic facilities |
B) challenge sex discrimination in the workplace
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Which of the following was a result of the Watergate scandal?
A) The American people became less confident in the media's fair and balanced approach to news reporting. B) The scandal contributed to a growing distrust of the government's honesty. C) The scandal eroded support for Vietnama nd caused America's withdrawal from the war. D) The Amrican people turned against the zealous congressional Democrats who pursued the investigation. E) The scandal helped elect Gerlad Ford to the presidency. |
B) The scandal contributed to a growing distrust of the government's honesty.
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