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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Horizontal Integration
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Running only a specific piece of an industry and refining it.
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Vertical Integration
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Owning the entire industry, from top to bottom.
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Trust
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A way for monopolistic companies to put their own business under other's names, so that they still had control, but it no longer looked like a monopoly.
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Social Darwinism
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Application of the survival of the fittest to Social levels.
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Gospel of Wealth (or success)
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Successful business men saying that their massive wealth was a social benefit for all.
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Sherman Antitrust Act
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1890 - Principal antimonopoly law in US. Made illegal "every contract, combination, in the form of trust, or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce among several states."
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Timber and Stone Act
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1878 - 160 acres of land valuable for timber and stone could be purchased from the fed. govt.
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Pacific Railway Act
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1862 - an act to aid in the construction of a railroad and telegraph line from MO river to the Pacific Ocean. Gave land grants in west US to Union and Central Pacific Railroads to construct a transcontinental railroad.
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Joseph F. Glidden
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Barbed wire!! Solved problem of how to fence in cattle in the Great Plains.
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Union Pacific RR & Central Pacific RR
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UP began in Omaha in 1865 and went west, while the CP went east from Sacramento and met the UP at Promontory Point, UT, 1869.
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Booker T. Washington
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Black educator who urged his fellow blacks to better themselves through education and economic advancement, rather than attempting to attain equal rights. Author of the Atlanta Compromise.
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Haymarket Square Incident
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A demonstration gathered a crowd of 1,500 or so to gather at Haymarket Square. Policemen attempted to disperse the meeting; a bomb exploded, killing 7 policemen. Riot ensued. Resulted in public condemnation of organized labor & demise of KoL.
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The "New" Immigration
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From South East Europe, instead of North West. Preserved culture and traditions, and were not assimilated into American society. Suspected by Am, didn't intend to stay in the US; came from poor backgrounds. 8.4 mil.
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AFL and Samuel Gompers
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American Federation of Labor was a combination of natl craft unions established in 1886, led by Strasser and Gompers. Focused on higher wages and shorter hours.
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Munn v. Illinois
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1877 - Owner of a grain elevator refused to follow a state warehouse act; Supreme Court decided any business that served as a public warehouse (RR or grain warehouse) was subject to state control; legislatures could also fix max charges.
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Interstate Commerce Commission
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Created by the Interstate Commerce Act in 1887; supposed to enforce "Rebates, drawbacks, inconsistent rates and other competitive practices" (which were declared unlawful, as were monopolies) by suing businesses which didn't work - first fed regulatory board.
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US v E.C. Knight Co
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1895 - Supreme Court rules that even though the Am Sugar Refining Co took over many of its competitors (and controlled over 98% of all US sugar refining) it wasn't a monopoly/didn't violate Sherman Antitrust.
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Atlanta Compromise
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Speech by Booker T Washington to white southerners about how blacks should subordinate themselves to whites after the war. Southerners pleased.
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Chinese Exclusion Act
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1882 - Suspended the immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years. Nearly one third of the miners in the wet were Chinese.
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Frederick Jackson Turner
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Wrote the "frontier thesis" - "the existence of an area of free land, its continuous recession, and the advance of american settlement westward explain American development.
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Battle of the Little Bighorn -- Wounded Knee
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1876 - Custer thought he had a small band of Native American rebels surrounded, but his 300 soldiers were actually in the middle of 2,500 Sioux warriors. Custer lost.
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Dawes Severalty Act
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1887 - Attempt by congress to assimilate Native American tribes into American society. Divided tribal land into small plots to promote individual ownership/farming; citizenship was granted to NAs who accepted the distribution of land and "adopted ..civilized life."
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