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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alexis de Tocqueville
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Observed democracy at work in America; said there was a big middle class and no one could be truly "great".
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Dorothea Dix
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Reformist; devoted herself to campaign to improve the care of insane - inspected asylums, prisons, almshouses, but in the long run, hopes for reform were not realized.
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Waltham System
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Introduced by Lowell; entire process of converting cotton to cloth under one roof. Deteriorated with influx of Irish imm., they work for less
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Temperance movement
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Attracted many advocates in early 19th century. National crusade against drunkenness. Both moral appeals and coercive power of law to reduce consumption of power. Considerably successful.
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William Lloyd Garrison
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LIberator; Radical abolitionist. Immediate emancipation of slaves, racial equality. His extreme views repelled everyone else. Wrote "The Liberator" (abolitionist newspaper).
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Elizabeth Cady Stanton
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Leading figure of the Women's rights movement in the US. Also an active abolitionist. Primary co-organizer of Seneca Falls convention.
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Mormons
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founded in 1827 by Joseph Smith, who was persecuted and eventually killed for eccentric beliefs. Sect continued but was forced westward to Utah.
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Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
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New York, 1848 - First women's rights convention held in US; birthplace of feminist movement.
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Auburn System
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Prison system first implemented in NY; focused on rehabilitating criminals through sontrolled social interaction
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Grimke Sisters
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Among the first leading advocates of equal rights for women; South Carolinians who spoke out against slavery.
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Frederick Douglas
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Self educated escaped (From MD) slave; became the best known abolitionist speaker. Insisted upon emancipation and full social, economic and political equality.
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Liberty Party
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1840 - First abolitionist party
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Manifest Destiny
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Phrase commonly used in 1840's and 50's; expressed continued expansion of US to Pacific; Americans were God's chosen people. Promoted by Polk. Issues were annexation of TX and reoccupation of OR., as well as tariff reform.
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"Mr. Polk's War"
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1846 - North feared war would expand slavery; opposition in NE widespread. 3 parts: 1. Clear Mexicans from TX and occupy northern Mexico, 2. Take possession of CA and NM, 3. March on Mexico City.
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Webster-Ashburton Treaty
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1842 - between Webster (US) and Ashburton (UK). Settled Northeast Boundary Dispute and the Canada border in the Great Lakes region.
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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1848 - Negotiated by Trist, who ignored Polk's recall (went to find Mexican authority since the Mexican govt was crumbling). Treaty required Mexico to cede American Southwest (NM, CO, UT, AZ, NV, CA) to US. We gave Mex. $15 mil so it would look like conquest.
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Free Soil Party
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Election of 1848 - Platform was the Wilmot Proviso; combined the anti-slavery Whigs with the Liberty Party. Van Buren was their candidate.
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Election of 1844
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Candidates Clay (Whig) and Van Buren (Dem); both candidates agree not to discuss slavery. When that's discovered, Dems don't support Buren any more, and choose Polk (manifest destiny). Clay wafffled, Liberty Party formed and ran Birney. Birney took enough votes from Clay in NY; Buren won.
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"54-40 of Fight"
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Polk's campaign slogan in 1844 election; reflected Manifest Destiny (re-annex TX and reoccupy Oregon. Polk wanted US extended to the 54-40 line, which was in Canada.
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John Slidell
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1846 - Sent by Polk to negotiate with Mexico, who refused to sell disputed territory (disputed borders in TX). Military coup and Mexico was controlled by anti-Americans who wanted to reclaim all of TX.
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Election of 1848
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Whigs nominate Taylor and let clay pick Fillimore as VP; avoid slavery; Dems nominate Cass and run under pop. sov.; Free Soil runs Buren, who takes enough votes from Cass in NY so Taylor is elected.
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Nicholas Trist
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Sent as envoy by Polk to Mexico City (1847) to negotiate an end to the Mexican War.
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Compromise of 1850
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1. Admission of CA as free state
2. UT and NM organized without restrictions on slavery 3. TX/NM border adjusted 4. Abolition of slave TRADE in DC 5. Tougher fugitive slave law Solution to Natl Division |
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Popular Sovereignty
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Settlers of fed. territorial lands decide status (free or slave) under which they join the Union. Popularized (not created) by Stephen A. Douglas.
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Wilmot Proviso
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1846 - Barred slavery from any territory acquired from Mexico; passed the House in 46 and 47, but was defeated in Senate. Platform of Free Soil and later of the Republican party.
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