Apush Unit 6 Vocab

Front 1

William Seward

Back 1

-AK bought from Russia in 1867
-Was called “Seward’s Folly” because people thought it was a waste of money, but was proved wrong when there was gold and oil in AK

Front 2

Annexation of AK

Back 2

-owned by Russia and bought from US in 1867

Front 3

Annexation of HI

Back 3

-annexed 1898

Front 4

Queen Liliukalani

Back 4

-Queen of the Hawaiian islands
-overthrown because she wanted the independence of Hawaii

Front 5

Alfred Mahan

Back 5

-The Influence of Sea Power upon History
- all powerful nations throughout history needed powerful navy

Front 6

Jingoists

Back 6

-ultra-nationalists who thought military retaliation was best policy

Front 7

William McKinley

Back 7

-raised tariff on HI sugar increasing American planters’ demands for annexation

Front 8

Spanish-American War

Back 8

-Cuban revolt against Spain in 1895
-Spanish general, “Butcher” Weyler
-Yellow journalism – papers like Hearst’s NY Journal and Pulitzer’s The World
-Us interested in sugar plantations in Cuba
-De Lome letter
- USS Maine exploded
-Teller Amendment
-Treaty of Paris –1898
U.S. is now active on world stage w/ holdings around the world

Front 9

Yellow journalism

Back 9

-papers like Hearst’s NY Journal and Pulitzer’s The World published sensational/lurid stories; tales of Spanish brutality inflamed Americans

Front 10

Butcher Weyler

Back 10

- brutal Spanish general

Front 11

De Lome letter

Back 11

-Spain had no intention to give Cuba its independence

Front 12

Teller Amendment

Back 12

-(proclaimed U.S. would give Cubans freedom after they had overthrown Spain)

Front 13

Manila Bay

Back 13

-First major engagement of the Spanish-American war

Front 14

George Dewey

Back 14

-destroyed Spanish fleet

Front 15

San Juan Hill

Back 15

-Black regiments saw much fighting and proved bravery and skill
-US/Cuban victory

Front 16

Rough Riders

Back 16

-TR led volunteer cavalry unit

Front 17

Treaty of Paris of 1898

Back 17

-Ended the Spanish-American War

Front 18

Filipino Insurrection

Back 18

-or AKA the Philippine-American War

Front 19

Emilio Aguinaldo

Back 19

-leader for the Philippines in the Philippine-American War

Front 20

Anti-Imperialist League

Back 20

-saw annexation as un-American and un-dem and pro-annexation groups arguing it would increase glory of America, profit trade, and allow for civilizing of Filipinos

Front 21

Foraker Act

Back 21

-gave Puerto Ricans limited popular gov’t

Front 22

Insular Cases (1901)

Back 22

-cases concerning the status of territories acquired by the U.S. in the Spanish-American War

Front 23

Platt Amendment

Back 23

-3 conditions for Cuban independence – Cuba could not make treaties w/ others, U.S. would have authority to intervene in pol/econ affairs, Cuba would sell/lease U.S. land for naval bases

Front 24

Open Door Policy

Back 24

-Sec of State, John Hay, proposed Open Door policy in which European nations would open their “spheres of influence” in China to merchants of all countries

Front 25

Open Door Policy

Back 25

-Sec of State, John Hay, proposed Open Door policy in which European nations would open their “spheres of influence” in China to merchants of all countries

Front 26

John Hay

Back 26

- proposed Open Door policy

Front 27

Boxer Rebellion

Back 27

- Chinese nationalists rebelled against foreign influences killing hundreds of Europeans and Chinese Christians

Front 28

Roosevelt Corollary

Back 28

- U.S. had right to intervene in L.A. to prevent European intervention (preventive intervention)

Front 29

Big stick policy

Back 29

-“speak softly, but carry a big stick”
-always have a good military backing

Front 30

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901)

Back 30

-releasing U.S. from previous agreement With GB(Clayton-Bulwer, 1850) that neither country would build a canal w/o the other

Front 31

Panama Canal

Back 31

-Through the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, the revolution in Panama, and the hundreds of laborers made it possible to build this canal.
-connected the Atlantic and Pacific oceans

Front 32

Gentleman’s Agreement

Back 32

-The Japanese government secretly agreed to restrict the emigration of Japanese workers to the United Sates in return for Roosevelt pursuing California to repeal its discriminatory laws

Front 33

Root-Takahira agreement

Back 33

-Secretary of state Root and Japanese Ambassador Takahira exchanged notes pledging mutual respect for each nation's Pacific possessions and the support of the Open Door policy in China

Front 34

Dollar Diplomacy

Back 34

- effort of the United States — particularly under President William Howard Taft — to further its aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries

Front 35

William Taft

Back 35

-Roosevelt's successor adopted a foreign policy that depended on the investor’s dollars than on navy battleships

Front 36

Pancho Villa

Back 36

-Led raids across the U.S. Mexican border and killed a number of people in Texas and in New Mexico

Front 37

Allied Powers

Back 37

-France, Great Britain and Russia (was the Triple Entente)

Front 38

Central Powers

Back 38

-Germany, Austria Hungary, Italy, Ottoman empire (was the Triple Alliance without Ottoman empire)

Front 39

Woodrow Wilson

Back 39

-President during WWI, succeed by Taft

Front 40

U-boat warfare

Back 40

Unrestricted, is when the enemy ships attack any ships belonging to the other side, regardless if it it just merchant ships.

Front 41

Lusitania

Back 41

-Germany sinking a British Liner killing many people including 128 Americans.

Front 42

Zimmerman Telegram

Back 42

-a secret offer made by Germany to Mexico to convince Mexico to ally with Germany

Front 43

Gen. John Pershing

Back 43

-Led the American Expeditionary Force

Front 44

American Expeditionary Forces (AEF)

Back 44

-The first U.S. troops to see action and were not regarded well, but when many came, it obtained independent responsibility for a segment on the Western Front.

Front 45

Committee on Public Information – George Creel

Back 45

-created to influence U.S. public opinion regarding American participation in World War I.

Front 46

Espionage and Sedition Acts (1917 and 1918)

Back 46

-The Espionage Act provided imprisonment of up to 20 years for people who spoke against the draft of tried to obstruct the operation of the draft. The sedition Acts prohibited anyone making “disloyal” remarks about the U.S. Government

Front 47

Schenck v. U.S. (1919)

Back 47

-the right to free speech could be limited when it represented a “clear and present danger” to the public

Front 48

War Industries Board

Back 48

-The organization encouraged companies to use mass-production techniques to increase efficiency and urged them to eliminate waste by standardizing products
– Bernard Baruch

Front 49

National Labor Board – Taft

Back 49

-handled labor disputes

Front 50

Food administration – Herbert Hoover

Back 50

- Hoover believed "food will win the war." He established set days to encourage people to avoid eating particular foods to save them for soldiers' rations: meatless Mondays, wheatless Wednesdays, and "when in doubt, eat potatoes." This program helped reduce consumption of foodstuffs needed overseas and avoided rationing at home

Front 51

Selective Service Act (1917)

Back 51

-method ensuring that all groups in the population would be called into service

Front 52

Armaments

Back 52

-Military weapons or equipment

Front 53

Reparations

Back 53

- payments intended to cover damage or injury during a war. 

Front 54

Freedom of the seas

Back 54

-anyone can sail; no one owns the sea

Front 55

Self-determination

Back 55

-Wilson revived the American commitment to self-determination during WWI

Front 56

Fourteen Points

Back 56

-detailed list of war aims by Wilson

Front 57

League of Nations

Back 57

-another name would be the International Peace Association
-Goals :preventing war through collective security,disarmament, and settling international disputes through negotiation 

Front 58

Treaty of Versailles

Back 58

-Germany was striped of his colonies in Asia and Africa, forced to admit guilty, and pay huge sums of money to Great Britain and France
-lands once controlled by Germany was given to the Allies and Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland and Poland gained independence

Front 59

Mandate system

Back 59

- A League of Nations system where a legal status for certain territories transferred from the control of one country to another

Front 60

Irreconcilables

Back 60

Accepted the League of Nations if certain reservations were added to the covenant
– Senator Lodge

Front 61

Volstead Act (1919)

Back 61

-Known as the National Prohibition Act
-enabled the United States government to enforce the  18 amendment

Front 62

18th and 21st Amendments

Back 62

-18 was the forbid of sale of alcohol drinks, while the 21 was the repealing of the 18, which allowed the sale of alcohol drinks

Front 63

Boston Police Strike

Back 63

- rioting/looting broke out after police went on strike, Coolidge was so angry at police he refused to negotiate w/ them, had Nat’l Guard restore order, and fired the whole police force

Front 64

Emergency Quota Act of 1921

Back 64

- limited # of immigrant in a year to 3% of ppl of that nationality living in U.S. in 1910

Front 65

National Origins Act of 1924

Back 65

-A law that severely restricted immigration by establishing a system of national quotas that blatantly discriminated against immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and virtually excluded Asians

Front 66

Sacco & Vanzetti

Back 66

- both Italian anarchists; convicted of murder; after 6 yr. case w/ weak evidence, electrocuted; became martyrs for class struggle

Front 67

Scopes Trial

Back 67

- modernity led to debates between its proponents and conservative Fundamentalists
- divide came to a head over teaching evolution in schools
- some states made it illegal
- when John Scopes (HS bio teacher) taught it in TN he was accused of breaking state law
- 1925 trial drew nationwide attention w/ prominent lawyers – William Jennings Bryan (prosecutor) and Clarence Darrow (defense attorney)
- Scope found guilty

Front 68

Marcus Garvey

Back 68

- stressed pride in African culture and incompatibility of blacks and whites; formed United Negro Improvement Association
-owned Black Star Line Steamship Company

Front 69

Negro Improvement Association

Back 69

- to promote resettlement of blacks in Africa and the sponsorship of black owned businesses in the U.S.

Front 70

1st Transatlantic Flight

Back 70

-Charles Lindbergh

Front 71

The Lost Generation

Back 71

- the generation that came of age during World War I

Front 72

F. Scott Fitzgerald

Back 72

- The Great Gatsby,critical commentary of illusion of self-made man

Front 73

Ernest Hemingway

Back 73

- The Sun Also Rises (disillusionment of American expats in Europe); A Farewell to Arms (troubles of war experience)

Front 74

Sinclair Lewis

Back 74

- Main Street ,criticized small-town life

Front 75

T.S. Eliot

Back 75

-Innovative poet

Front 76

Gertrude Stein

Back 76

- “Lost Generation”

Front 77

Harlem Renaissance

Back 77

- cultural upsurge in Harlem among black poets, playwrights, artists, musicians

Front 78

Langston Hughes

Back 78

-Hughes is best-known for his work during the  Harlem Renaissance

Front 79

Warren Harding

Back 79

-preceded by Wilson (after wilson)

Front 80

Teapot Dome Scandal

Back 80

- Harding to give control of gov’t oil at Teapot Dome from navy to Interior Dept, then secretly leased oil deposits to 2 oil tycoons w/o letting others compete for them in return for $400,000

Front 81

Calvin Coolidge

Back 81

- believed in small gov’t econ

Front 82

Four, Five, and Nine Power Treaties – Washington Naval Conference

Back 82

-4 Power Treaty (1921) – US, GB, Japan, and France agree to maintain status quo in Pacific
-5-Power Treaty (1922) – armament reduction (U.S., Br, Japans, France, Italy)
- Nine-Power Treaty (1922) – all attending nations agreed to support of Open Door policy

Front 83

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

Back 83

-various nations agreed to settle disputed peaceably; led, Coolidge to decrease size of U.S. military

Front 84

Al Smith

Back 84

-Irish nominee for president 1928

Front 85

John Steinbeck

Back 85

-Grapes of Wrath

Front 86

Overspeculation

Back 86

- majority of the people feel the stock market will go up, so they greedily buy

Front 87

“on margin”

Back 87

-Buying stocks on Credit

Front 88

Tariff Act of 1930/Hawley Smoot Tariff

Back 88

- Tax increasing foreign imports, highest in history
- European countries did the same against the Us and in result both national and international economies sank further into depression

Front 89

Bonus Army

Back 89

-many WWI veterans went to DC to demand immediate payment of the bonuses promised them at a later date, the army took care of that, many people injured and two died

Front 90

Election of 1932

Back 90

-Roosevelt Wins

Front 91

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Back 91

-belief of Liberalism (that government intervention in economic matters but not in personal maters)
-Increased world trade opposite of Hoover
-Created New Deal

Front 92

3 R’s

Back 92

-Relief, Recovery, Reform

Front 93

First Inaugural Address (FDR)

Back 93

– “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself”

Front 94

Four Freedoms

Back 94

-Freedom of speech and expression
- Freedom of worship
- Freedom of want
- Freedom of fear

Front 95

Bank holiday

Back 95

-to restore confidence in banks, the banks were closed to have the government reorganize them

Front 96

Fireside chats

Back 96

-FDR talked to the people, to restore confidence, and explain laws and have public backing to have laws passed

Front 97

Hundred Days

Back 97

-congress passed every request FDR had

Front 98

Emergency Banking Relief Act

Back 98

-authorized the government to examine banks that were closed during the bank holiday and determine which should reopen or not

Front 99

CCC

Back 99

-Civilian Conservation Crops
-employed young men on projects and payed their families small payment dues

Front 100

AAA

Back 100

-Agricultural Adjustment Act
-established a national agricultural policy
government paid farmers to grow less, and tenant farmers(mostly blacks) were left out

Front 101

FERA

Back 101

-Federal Emergency Relief Act
-established a national relief system, including the Civil Works Administration

Front 102

Harry Hopkins

Back 102

-WPA was operated under him, he was one of FDR closest advisers

Front 103

TVA

Back 103

-Tennessee Valley Authority Act
-promote economic development of the Tennessee valley by providing jobs

Front 104

Federal Securities Act

Back 104

-Regulate the purpose and sale of new securities, and trying to protect over-speculation

Front 105

HOLC

Back 105

- Home Owners' Loan Corporation
-provided refinancing of small homes to prevent foreclosures

Front 106

NIRA (NRA)

Back 106

-National Industrial Recovery Act
-gave minimum wage and maximum hours a worker can work
-established the Public Works Administration
-Schechter Vs. Us said NIRA is unconstitutional

Front 107

Glass-Steagall Act

Back 107

-created Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
-separate commercial and investment banking

Front 108

SEC

Back 108

-Securities and Exchange Commission
-Made sure the stock market wasn't going crazy
-enforcing the federal security laws and regulating the securities industries

Front 109

Federal Housing Admin.

Back 109

-small loans to home owners
-supported with the U.S. Housing authorities

Front 110

WPA

Back 110

-Works Progress Administration
-Build/improved schools, playgrounds, airports, and hospitals

Front 111

Wagner/National Labor Relations Act – 1935

Back 111

-more rights to organize labor, gave more power to unions
-led to sit-down rebellions
-split off to CIO

Front 112

Congress of Industrial Organizations (1935)

Back 112

-proposed by John L. Lewis in 1932, was a federation of unions that organized workers in industrial unions
-Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 required union leaders to swear that they were not Communists, later was found inconsitutional

Front 113

UAW v. GM (1937)

Back 113

-United Auto Workers vs. General Motors
-sit downs rebellions, and won

Front 114

Social Security Act – 1935

Back 114

-required states to set up welfare funds to elderly, poor, unemployed, and disabled

Front 115

Fair Labor Standards Act

Back 115

-States minimum wages

Front 116

Huey Long

Back 116

-first demagogue
-”Kingfish” proposed the “Share the Wealth” program and promised 5,000 for every American family

Front 117

Father Charles Coughlin

Back 117

-Second demagogue
-Catholic Priest who founded the National Union for Social Justice

Front 118

Francis Townshend

Back 118

-Third demagogue
-proposed a simple plan in guaranteeing secure income, proposed that every retired person would receive $200 a month
-led to FDR making the Social Security System

Front 119

Court-packing plan

Back 119

-proposed that the president be authorized to appoint an additional justice to the Supreme Court
-many people outraged

Front 120

Eleanor Roosevelt

Back 120

-became the most active first lady

Front 121

Frances Perkins

Back 121

-First woman appointed to the US cabinet

Front 122

Mary McLeod Bethune

Back 122

-black woman who led efforts for improving educational and economical opportunities for women
-Established the Federal Council on Negro Affairs

Front 123

Indian Reorganization Act

Back 123

-reversed the Dawes Act
-restored lands to the tribes, granted Indians the right to establish Constitutions

Front 124

John Maynard Keynes

Back 124

- Deficit Spending would increase investment and create jobs, FDR's economic advisors used this theory and it got positive results

Front 125

Good Neighbor policy

Back 125

-main principle was that of non-intervention and non-interference in the domestic affairs of Latin America

Front 126

Reciprocal Trade Agreement

Back 126

-enabled Roosevelt to liberalize American trade policy around the globe