Apush Unit 1 Key Terms

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An English colonial venture in North America from v1620-1691. First settlement was at new Plymouth and was surveyed by Captain John Smith

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PLYMOUTH COLONY

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first governing document of Plymouth colony. Written by the colonists who were later known as pilgrims. Signed on November 11th, 1620 by 41 ship members.

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MAYFLOWER COMPACT 1620

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when the English parliament was giving away 100 acres of land to whomever came over from England and an extra 50 acres for every other person who came with them

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HEADRIGHT SYSTEM

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the Connecticut Colony adopted them in January. They were orders to describe the set up for the Connecticut River towns. It was like their constitution.

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FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF CONNECTICUT 1639

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economic theory that holds the prosperity of a nation is dependent upon its supply of capital and that the global volume of international trade is unchangeable.

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MERCANTILISM

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term indicating trade among three ports or regions. Trade evolved where a region had an export commodity that was required in the region from which its major imports came.

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TRIANGULAR TRADE:

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several periods of religious revival in the Anglo American religious history. Recognized in the beginning of the 1730’s. Used to refer to the American religious revivalism.

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THE GREAT AWAKENING

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introduced by the British parliament to try and stop all the manufacturing in Britain. Particularly in North America. They also wanted to start manufacturing in Britain

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IRON ACT 1750

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a form of a debt bondage worker. Laborer is under contract of an employer for 3-7 years in exchange for transportation, food, clothes, and lodging. Unlike a slave an indentured servant is only working for the amount of time specified in the contract.

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INDENTURED SERVANTS

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born 2/22/1732. Died 12/14/1799. Was the first U.S. president and commander of the continental army in the American revolutionary war. Was appointed commander in chief in 1775. Fought in 11 wars and won the congressional medal of honor.

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GEORGE WASHINGTON

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Who: King George III
What: Stabilized relations with Native Americans by regulating trade, settlement and land purchases
Where: His newly expanded North American empire (gained land from France)
Significance: Although it stopped applying to the colonies after they gained independence, it remains important to the first nations of Canada and arguably Australia.

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Proclamation of 1763

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Who: Robert Walpole
What: Neglected to use strict enforcement of British
Parliament law
Where: British colonies
Significance: Because the navigation acts were not strongly enforced, the colonies were free to trade with nations other than Great Britain

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Salutary Neglect

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Who: British Parliament
What: Imposed a tax on the colonies that required all printed materials to carry a tax stamp
Where: British colonies
Significance: This tax was met with much opposition and many felt that they should only be taxed with their consent (through their legislatures). The government need a way to recover the money spent on the seven years war and felt that since the colonies were offered protection during this time they should help restore military funds.

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Stamp Act 1765

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Who: Delegates from nine of the thirteen colonies
What: Discussed and acted upon the recently passed Stamp Act
Where: modern Federal Hall, New York City
Significance: This process was done in secret, without the consent of British Parliament.

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Stamp Act Congress

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Who: American patriots
What: Formed an underground organization in resistance of the New Crown and the taxes and laws it imposed on the colonies
Where: British colonies
Significance: The sons of liberty first attacked mere symbols of the crown, but soon proceeded to become hostile with loyalists.

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Sons of Liberty

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What: Bodies organized by each local government that were charged with coordinating written communication outside of the colony
Where: British colonies
Significance: They helped raise opposition to Great Britain by spreading information to other colonies and sometimes outside nations

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Committees of Correspondence

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Who: British troops
What: Opened fire on a rioting crowd and killed five civilians
Where: Boston, Massachusetts
Significance: This event helped spark several rebellions that eventually culminated in the American Revolution

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Boston Massacre

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Who: British Parliament
What: Passed a series of laws in response to the Boston tea party
Where: British Colonies
Significance: British Parliament hoped that these laws would reverse the trend of rebellion that had begun with the Stamp Act

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Intolerable Acts 1774

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What: A convention of delegates that began meeting after the shooting of the Revolutionary war had begun
Where: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Significance: This congress helped organize the war effort and gradually move toward independence (adopted the Declaration of Independence)

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Second Continental Congress 1775

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Who: Congress of the Confederation of the United Sates
What: Proposed this act which created the Northwest Territory (the first organized territory of the United States)
Where: The region south of the Great Lakes, north and west of the Ohio River, and east of the Mississippi River
Significance: It established westward expansion by admitting new sates rather than expanding existing ones

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Northwest Ordinance

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Who: Continental Congress
What: Adopted the Declaration on July 4th 1776
Where: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Significance: It was the document that stated that the colonies were independent and no longer fell under the jurisdiction of Great Britain

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Declaration of Independence

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Who: Thomas Paine
What: A book published anonymously during the American Revolution
Significance: It had the largest sale and circulation of any book in American history.

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Common Sense

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Who: Daniel Shay and other poor farmers
What: A rebellion due to what they thought was unfair debts and taxes
Where: Central and Western Massachusetts
Significance: The rebellion was suppressed but did energize a reevaluation of the Articles of Confederation

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Shays Rebellion

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tamp act is a law enacted by a government that requires a tax to be paid on the transfer of certain documents.The stamp act was considered upsetting to some people. Those that pay the tax receive an official stamp on their documents. The tax raised, called stamp duty, was first devised in the Netherlands in 1624 after a public competition to find a new form of tax.

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Stamp Act

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an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain in 1766, during America's colonial period, one of a series of resolutions passed attempting to regulate the behavior of the colonies. It stated that Parliament had the right to make laws for the colonies in all matters.

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Declaratory Act

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name of at least two acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. The Quartering Acts were used by the British forces in the American colonies to ensure that British troops had adequate housing and provisions. These acts were amendments to the Mutiny Act, which had to be renewed annually by Parliament.

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Quartering Act

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The Townshend Acts were a series of acts passed beginning in 1767 by the Parliament of Great Britain relating to the British colonies in North America. The acts are named for Charles Townshend, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, who proposed the program. Historians vary slightly in which acts they include under the heading "Townshend Acts", but five laws are frequently mentioned: the Revenue Act of 1767, the Indemnity Act, the Commissioners of Customs Act, the Vice Admiralty Court Act, and the New York Restraining Act.

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Townshend Act

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The Boston Massacre was an incident that led to the deaths of five civilians at the hands of British troops on March 5, 1770, the legal aftermath of which helped spark the rebellion in some of the British colonies in America, which culminated in the American Revolution.

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Boston Massacre

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Passed on 5/10/1773.the East India Company had been required to sell its tea exclusively in London on which it paid a duty which averaged two shillings and six pence per pound. Among other consequences, this had created a profitable opportunity for smugglers to import and distribute tax-free tea throughout the American colonies.

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Tea Act

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The Boston Tea Party was a direct action protest by colonists in Boston, a town in the British colony of Massachusetts, against the British government. On December 16, 1773, after officials in Boston refused to return three shiploads of taxed tea to Britain, a group of colonists boarded the ships and destroyed the tea by throwing it into Boston Harbor

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Boston Tea Party

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Names used to describe a series of laws passed by British Parliament in 1774. Sparked outrage in the 13 colonies. Four of the acts were in direct response to the Boston Tea Party. Parliament hoped that these acts would lessen the resistance and the revolution.

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Coercive Acts

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n act passed yearly by Parliament for governing the British Army. It was originally passed in 1689 in response to the mutiny of a large portion of the army which stayed loyal to the Stuarts upon William III taking the crown of England

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Mutiny Act

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(September 27 [O.S. September 16] 1722 – October 2, 1803). Was one of the founding fathers of America and a political philosopher. He was a leader of the movement that was later known as the American Revolution. Second Cousin to John Adams. Born in Boston and raised in a religious home. Graduated from Harvard. He was an unsuccessful businessman and tax collector before concentrating on politics. His 1768 circular letter calling for colonial cooperation prompted the occupation of Boston by British soldiers, eventually resulting in the Boston Massacre of 1770.

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Samuel Adams