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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where did the French settle?
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Along the St. Lawrence River
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1st successful English settlement in N. America for England
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Jamestown, VA (1607)
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Why was Maryland established?
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As a refuge for English Catholics
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Why was Rhode Island established?
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To practice religious freedom due to disagreement with the Massachusetts government.
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What was the first religious group to settle in the Americas?
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Pilgrims
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Which section of the colonies had higher life expectancies and closer families?
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New England
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What was an indentured servant?
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person who works under contract for 4-7 years in exchange for food, shelter, and voyage to the NW
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Headright system
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colonists get 50 acres for every immigrant's passage paid for
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Mayflower Compact
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social contract between colonies and the king that established a civil government in America
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2 groups of 1st Great Awakening
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Methodists & Baptists
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Importance of 1st Great Awakening
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- religious revival
- emphasized individual and spiritual experience -tolerant of other denominations - new churches w/o ties to state |
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Leaders of 1st Great Awakening
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Jonathan Edwards & George Whitefield
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What was the Enlightment?
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Applied scientific method of logic and reason to society
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New lights
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Methodists & Baptist
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Old lights
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Protestant & Puritan
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Describe triangle trade
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Raw materials from New England goes to England, manufactured goods from England go to Africa. Slaves from Africa go to West Indies, molasses from West Indies go to colonies to be processed into rum to be shipped to England. In return, the Americas get manufactured goods from England.
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Middle passage
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Transportation of the African people from Africa to the New World part of the Atlantic slave trade and was the middle portion of the triangular trade voyage
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Mercantilism
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Colonies would provide the mother country with raw goods in exchange for finished products and a market
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French & Indian War
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Britain vs France and France loses Canada, Mississippi, and W. Indies to N. America
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What was the Proclamation of 1763? Why did it make colonists angry?
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forbid settlers to expand past Appalachian mts and b/c colonists already had claims in the west
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What was the first direct tax on colonists?
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(1765) stamp act- tax on all printed docs
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What event caused the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts?
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(1773) Boston Tea Party
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What did the Boston Massacre lead to?
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Administration of Justice Act- english officers had right to be tried in England
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Name 3 of the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts and what they did
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■ Boston Port Act - closed the Boston Port
■ Admin of Justice Act- royal officers have right to be tried in another colony or British court ■ Quartering Act - colonists had to provide housing for British troops |
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Non importation agreement
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est. to hurt Britain's economy for creating the stamp act
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Date and ideas of Dec of Independence?
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July 4, 1776 and ideas come from John Locke
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Why is James Madison considered the main writer of the Constitution?
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Because he took notes and provided the Bill of Rights
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Who supported the constitution the most?
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federalists
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Why was Saratoga a turning point in the war?
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Led to an open alliance between Americans and France
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When did the American Revolution end...?
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1781- Yorktown
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Shay's Rebellion
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(1787) farmer uprising led by Daniel Shay, led to criticism of Articles of Confederation
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Hamilton's 4 reports? Which one was not passed?
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Funding the debt
National Bank Mint/currency Manufacturing (not passed) |
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Weaknesses of Articles of Confederation
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could not tax & no standing army
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What was the 3/5 Compromise?
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When counting the census for the country and determining representation for each state, each slave would count for 3/5 of a white land-owning male.
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New Jersey Plan
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Paterson proposed a unicameral legislature (1 house) with equal representation
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Virginia Plan
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Madison proposed having a bicameral legislature (2 house) and each state would be represented by population
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What was the Great Compromise?
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Combination of VA & NJ plan. called for bicameral legislature with lower house being represented based on population and 3/5 policy. Upper house has equal representation of 2 members per state (Senate)
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Who wrote the Federalist papers?
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Madison, Hamilton, Jay
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XYZ affair
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French officials demand bribe from US diplomats
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Alien & Sedition Acts
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used against immigrants & democratic republicans, power to imprison/deport foreigners and prosecute critics of gov
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Date & who purchased Lousiana territory. Why is it ironic?
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(1803) Livingston & Monroe purchased Louisiana territory. Ironic b/c Jefferson is a strict constitutionalist but the louisiana purchase was considered almost unconstitutional
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1820 Missouri Compromise
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1) Maine would be admitted as a free state
2) Missouri admitted as a slave stat 3) no slavery in Lousiana territory north of 36 30 |
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Monroe Doctrine
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1) non-colonization- Europe cannot colonize on American continent
2) isolation- US will not intervene in european affairs 3) non-intervention- no euro interference in US affairs |
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Who is Eli Whitney?
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invented cotton gin so short staple cotton could be mass produced, leading to an increase of slavery in the south
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What did the 2nd Great awakening preach?
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actions matter and salvation can be achieved through faith and good works
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2 new groups to come out of 2nd Great Awakening
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Mormons (largest grp), Shakers, North American Phalanx
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name 3 reforms
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Abolition, temperance, women's rights
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Who is Horace Mann?
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Found the educatoion reform
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Who is Dorothea Dix?
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Found penal reforms
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What is Manifest Destiny?
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US has God given right to expand westward
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54-40 of Fight
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fight over Oregon territory between Britain & US
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Mexican American War (result of it)
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1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo- America receives AZ, NV, UT, CO, CA, NM and rio grande river becomes TX border
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Compromise of 1850
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Created by Clay, Calhoun, & Webster.
1) CA is a free state. 2) popular sovereignty in Mexican territories 3) stronger fugitive slave law 4) no slave trade in district of Columbia |
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popular sovereignty
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people of each territory decide its slavery status
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leaders of Transcendentalism
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Emerson & Thoreau advocated to reconnect with nature
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Which act allowed for popular sovereignty among territories?
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Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
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Immigration
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Germans settle in midwest and irish settle in NE cities
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Dred Scott v Sanford
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(1857) slaves are property and have no right to sue, and Missouri compromise is unconstitutional
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Marbury v Madison
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(1803) established judicial review- supreme court can declare an act of congress unconstitutional
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McCullough v Maryland
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(1819) est. federal supremacy- federal rules over state
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Gibbons v Ogden
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1824- strengthened congress' power on regulating interstate commerce
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Who ruled the many court cases?
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John Marshall
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adv and disadv of North in civil war
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good- more manpower and better transportation
bad- foreign territory and less soldiers trained |
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adv and disadv of South in civil war
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good- homefront adv and more motivatiion
bad- no money and no transportation |
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Emancipation Proclamation
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frees slaves in confederate states but it was designed to keep Britain &France out of the war
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famous book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe
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Uncle Tom's Cabin
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Components of North's Anaconda Plan
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1) blockade Southern ports
2) control Mississippi R. 3) capture Richmond |
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Bessemer
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Bessemer process mass produced steel
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Edison
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invented lightbulb
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