Apush Review Guide

Front 1

McCulloch v. Maryland

Back 1

The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland.
1. The Constitution grants to Congress implied powers for implementing the Constitution's express powers, in order to create a functional national government.
2. State action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the Federal government.

Front 2

Panic of 1837

Back 2

built on a speculative fever.[1] The bubble burst on May 10, 1837 in New York City, when every bank stopped payment in specie (gold and silver coinage). The Panic was followed by a five-year depression, with the failure of banks and record-high unemployment levels.

Front 3

Election of 1824

Back 3

John Quincy Adams was elected President on February 9, 1825, after the election was decided by the House of Representatives. The previous few years had seen a one-party government in the United States, as the Federalist Party had dissolved, leaving only the Democratic-Republican Party.

Front 4

Indian Removal Act

Back 4

great pressure was put on Native American leaders to sign removal treaties. Most observers, whether they were in favor of the Indian removal policy or not, realized that the passage of the act meant the inevitable removal of most Indians from the states. Some Native American leaders who had previously resisted removal now began to reconsider their positions, especially after Jackson's landslide re-election in 1832.

Front 5

Maysville Road Veto

Back 5

President Andrew Jackson vetoed a bill which would allow the Federal government to purchase stock in the Maysville, Washington, Paris, and Lexington Turnpike Road Company, which had been organized to construct a road linking Lexington and the Ohio River, the entirety of which would be in the state of Kentucky. Its advocates regarded it as a part of the national Cumberland Road system. Congress passed a bill in 1830 providing federal funds to complete the project. Jackson vetoed the bill on the grounds that federal funding of intrastate projects of this nature was unconstitutional.

Front 6

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Back 6

Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854 created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opened new lands, repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and allowed settlers in those territories to determine if they would allow slavery within their boundaries.

Front 7

Creation of the Republican Party, 1854

Back 7

coalition of anti-slavery Whigs and Free Soil Democrats who mobilized in opposition to Stephen Douglas's January 1854 introduction of the Kansas-Nebraska Act into Congress, a bill which repealed the 1820 Missouri Compromise prohibition on slavery north of latitude 36° 30'

Front 8

Pendelton Civil Service Act, 1883

Back 8

United States Civil Service Commission, which placed most federal government employees on the merit system and marked the end of the so-called spoils system.

Front 9

Morrill Land-Grant Act, 1862

Back 9

funded land grant colleges

Front 10

Knights of Labor created, 1869

Back 10

founded by Uriah Stephens (1869); excluded corrupt and well-off;
equal female pay, end to child/convict labor, employer-employee relations, proportional
income tax; “bread and butter” unionism (higher wages, shorter hours, better conditions)

Front 11

Battle of Little Big Horn, 1876

Back 11

Custer killed

Front 12

Election of 1876

Back 12

Election 1876: Hayes (Rep) defeats Tilden (Dem)

Front 13

Great Railroad Strike, 1877

Back 13

began on July 14 in Martinsburg, West Virginia, United States and ended some 45 days later after it was put down by local and state militias.

Front 14

James Garfield assassinated, 1881

Back 14

Election of 1880: Garfield (Rep) defeats Hancock (Dem); Garfield dies – V.P. Chester Arthur

Front 15

Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882

Back 15

10-year moratorium on Chinese immigration to reduce
competition for jobs (Chinese willing to work for cheap salaries)

Front 16

Haymarket Square Riot

Back 16

– peaceful turned violent
– people think unions are radical

Front 17

AFL

Back 17

American Federation of Labor (AF of L) was one of the first federations of labor unions in the United States. It was founded in Columbus, Ohio in December 1886 by an alliance of craft unions disaffected from the Knights of Labor, a national labor association.

Front 18

Dawes Act

Back 18

– government break up land individually –
break up farms - failed

Front 19

Wounded knee massacre

Back 19

Indians revolt to outlawing the sacred ghost dance – Last Indian war

Front 20

William McKinley assassinated, 1901

Back 20

TR takes over

Front 21

Homestead strike

Back 21

1892: The Homestead Strike –at Carnegie Steel – Pinkerton guards and troops put down strike

Front 22

Panic of 1893

Back 22

Sherman Silver Purchase Act repealed – devalued gold

Front 23

Pullman strike

Back 23

Pullman Co. controls prices but
fires workers – Am Railway Union strikes

Front 24

Plessy v. Ferguson

Back 24

“separate but equal”,

Front 25

Roosevelt Corollary

Back 25

addition to Monroe Doctrine – made US a police force
- Take over Dominican customs duty
- Arbitrates in Venezuela dispute with Germany

Front 26

Election of 1912

Back 26

Wilson defeated both Taft and Roosevelt in the general election, winning a huge majority in the Electoral College, and won 42% of the popular vote while his nearest rival won 27%.

Front 27

16th and 17th amendment

Back 27

The 16th amendment gave the US the right to collect an income tax. The more money you make the more you are taxed. The largest amount anyone is taxed is 15% (Bill Gates rich people) This money goes to the federal government.

The 17th amendment is direct election of senators

Front 28

Clayton Anti-trust

Back 28

The Clayton act specified particular prohibited conduct, the three-level enforcement scheme, the exemptions, and the remedial measures.

Front 29

Palmer Raids

Back 29

Congressional support to raid houses of radicals believed to have
connections to communism

Front 30

Scopes Trial

Back 30

Darwinian (influenced by jazz age and new scientific ideas) against
Fundamentalist (the Bible and Creationism); John Scopes convicted for teaching Darwinism
(defended by Clarence Darrow); Scopes found guilty

Front 31

Hawley Smoot tariff

Back 31

raised tariffs
extremely high on manufactured goods; benefited domestic manufacturers, but limited
foreign trade

Front 32

Bonus March

Back 32

43,000 marchers — 17,000 World War I veterans, their families, and affiliated groups, who protested in Washington, D.C., in spring and summer of 1932.

Front 33

Schecter v. US

Back 33

ecision by the Supreme Court of the United States that invalidated regulations of the poultry industry according to the nondelegation doctrine and as an invalid use of Congress's power under the commerce clause.

Front 34

Social Security Act

Back 34

used withheld money from payrolls to provide aid
to the unemployed, industrial accident victims, and young mothers; principle of
government responsibility for social welfare

Front 35

Trial of Aaron Burr, 1807

Back 35

on a charge of treason, Burr was brought to trial before the United States Circuit Court at Richmond, Virginia. His defense lawyers were John Wickham and Luther Martin. Burr's senior court was Edmund Randolph.

Front 36

Montgomery bus boycott, 1955-56

Back 36

African American leaders called for city-wide boycott of bus
system (lasted almost 400 days); Supreme Court ruled segregated buses unconstitutional

Front 37

Interstate Highway Act, 1956

Back 37

created Interstate Commerce Commission to require railroads
to publish rates (less discrimination, short/long haul), first legislation to regulate
corporations, ineffective ICC

Front 38

Sputnik, 1957

Back 38

caused American hysteria (1957), fear that Soviets were technologically
superior; led Ike to order more rigorous education program to rival Soviets (National
Defense Education Act)