Apush Period 4 Review

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Embargo Act of 1807

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Act passed by Congress during the Jefferson administration in 1807 prohibiting American ships from leaving for any foreign port, specifically targeting France and Britain for violating neutrality during the Napoleonic Wars, at first had devastating effects on the economy but in the long run helped encourage industry in the North

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Seneca Falls Convention

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(1848) the first national women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written, women demanded rights as citizens and the right to vote

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Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions

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declared that all "people are created equal"; used the Declaration of Independence to argue for women's rights

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Abolition

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The movement to make slavery and the slave trade illegal. Begun by Quakers in England in the 1780s and surged during the 2nd Great Awakening, exclusion of women from this movement led to the women's rights movement

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Whigs

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Political Party led by Henry Clay! Favored the BUS and the American System; strong legislative branch; against "King Andrew I", his use of the veto, and his war with the bank

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McCulloch v. Maryland

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Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law stating that states cannot interfere w/ the workings of the national gov, also declared Congress' power to charter the national bank constitutional, this broad interpretation of the Constitution increased implied powers

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Second Great Awakening

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A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects, it attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans, and denominations like Baptists and Methodists were the most rapidly growing

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Reform Movements

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the Second Great Awakening led to many reform movements including temperance, prison and asylum reform, abolitionism, and women's rights

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Cult of Domesticity

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idealized view of women & home; women, self-less caregiver for children, and the home a refuge for husbands, this was a result of the new separation between work and home in the Market Revolution, opposed by the Seneca Falls Convention, Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society, and Oberlin College

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Cotton

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king of southern exports after the invention of the Cotton gin, that made slave labor essential and defended by owners, it spread into the Black Belt along AL, LA, and MS

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Industrial Revolution

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A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.

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Lowell Factory

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Francis Cabot Lowell established a factory in 1814 at Waltham, Massachusetts. It was the first factory in the world to manufacture cotton cloth by power machinery in a building, employed young women and housed them in boarding houses to facilitate the supervision of workers and their trip to work.

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Lowell Girls

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Young, single women from New England farms that had experience for the textile industry and were cheaper to hire than males, many men had moved west, farm life was hard for young women and they embraced the potential to earn their own money

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Internal Improvements

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advocated by Henry Clay's American System, most often embraced by the North and the West linking industries, consumers, and natural resources it fueled the market revolution; Southerners rejected the idea of increased federal power and use of funds

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Steam engine

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this type of power transformed textile mills, railroads, and steamboats, increasing speed of travel

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Louisiana Purchase

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1803 from France, Jefferson questioned the Constitutionality of this move but it fit with his vision of an agricultural America and paved the way for expansion westward

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Monroe Doctrine

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A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere, caused by Russian presence in the Pacific Northwest and increased revolutionary activity in Latin American against Spain

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Missouri Compromise

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"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery, Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state keeping the balance of power in the Senate; all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states

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Tallmadge Amendment

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Sought to forbid the further introduction of slaves into Missouri and mandated that all children of slave parents born in the state after its admission should be free at the age of 25; failed to pass the Senate.

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Henry Clay

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Distinguished senator from Kentucky, ran for president five times, strong supporter of the American System, a war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and known as "The Great Compromiser" for his role in Missouri Compromise and others

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Andrew Jackson

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(1829-1833) and (1833-1837), Indian removal act, nullification crisis, Old Hickory," first southern/ western president," President for the common man," pet banks, spoils system, specie circular, trail of tears, opposed SC's nullification with the calls for the Force Act

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Nullification

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The doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the state's opinion, violates the Constitution, advocated by SC in response to the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 who was afraid that increased federal control would threaten their states' rights to things like slavery

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Indian Removal Act

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(1830) a congressional act in support of state laws in Georgia that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River, led to the Trail of Tears for many Cherokee who had tried to assimilate into American society

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Bank War

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Jackson vs. Biddle (fed. gov. director of bank); Jackson believed the Bank of US had too much power and was too rich; vetoed the 2nd Bank charter & withdrew gov. money from the US Banks & put it into "pet banks";Jackson vetoed bill he thought was wrong, led to economic depression in the Panic of 1837