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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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For what reasons did the European countries explore the West? |
There was a demand for more and cheaper products.
Routes to the East for trading were desired since the Ottomans held a monopoly on trade routes.
"Gold, Glory, and Gospel" (The three G's) |
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What were the outcomes of the Europeans coming to the New World? |
The slave trade becomes present to move slaves to the New World for a labor supply.
Native Americans will suffer due to the new diseases that they are not accustomed to.
The inhabiting European countries will have land conflicts. |
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What was the Papal Line of Demarcation (1493)? |
A decree by Pope Alexander VI to divide the New World between Spain and Portugal. This decree was respected due to the heavy influence of religion. |
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What was the Treaty of Tordesilla (1494)? |
An extension on the Line of Demarcation, it was a treaty in which most of the land in South America would be given to Spain, except Brazil, which would be reserved for Portugal. |
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What was The Columbian Exchange? |
A superdiffusion between countries that included the trading of disease, ideas, and goods. |
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What was the encomienda system? |
Allowed the government to give Indians and land in the the New World to certain colonists in exchange for the promise to try to Christianize them.
Note that Spain was Catholic. |
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What was the Black Legend? |
A false concept that the conquerors of Spain brought with them nothing but pain, poverty, despair, and disease.
This was only somewhat true. |
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What good did come from the Spanish interaction with the natives of the New World? |
The trade reformed their culture, laws, religion, and language into the native societies. Served as a basis for the foundation of modern-day Spanish-speaking nations. |
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How was the relationship between the Spanish and the Indians? |
Their relationship was the best of the three prominent landing countries. The Spanish incorporated indigenous culture with their own, rather than isolating and shunning the Indians as the English did.
An example of integration includes intermarriage. |
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How does Britain emerge as a powerful naval force? |
It defeats the Spanish Armada. |
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What are the types of the English colonies? |
Charter - chartered trading companies made up of stockholders who shared both the profits and the losses of the colonies (Jamestown, VA)
Proprietorships - Royal grant of land to Royal favorites (Lord Baltimore's Maryland)
Royal - ruled by the Crown of England (Georgia) |
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What is significant about John Rolfe? |
Before his introduction of tobacco to Jamestown, the colony was viewed as a failure. Tobacco makes Jamestown a goldmine. |
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What was the first example of Democracy in the world? |
Jamestown's 1619 House of Burgesses, which used a representative self-government. |
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What Indian group lived close to the Jamestown colony? |
The Powhatan Confederacy, who can be characterized by the 3 D's.
(Disease, Disorganization, Disposability) |
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What are the Acts of Toleration? |
A decree that guaranteed religious toleration to all Christians in Maryland.
(Did not apply to Jews) |
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What is significant about the indentured servants of the New World? |
Before the integration of slavery, indentured servants composed the majority of the labor force in the New World.
They would work for a period of 5-7 years in exchange for passage to America. |
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What was the "buffer colony?" |
Georgia was known as the "buffer colony." It was formed in 1733 as a buffer between South Carolina and Spanish Florida.
It was also used as a penal colony for debtors. |
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Who is James Oglethorpe? What did he do? |
James Oglethorpe became the leading statesman in Georgia, where he repelled Spanish attacks. |
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What does Georgia do in 1750? |
They adopt the plantation system of South Carolina. They then start to become very successful financially. |
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What was the Protestant Reformation? |
A religious revolution that was led by Martin Luther and his 95 Theses (1517).
John Calvin believed in predestination. |
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Who were the Puritans? |
Calvinists who wanted to purify the English Church of all Catholic rituals.
They did not want to break away from the Church of England, just fix it. |
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Who were the Separatists? |
Religious peoples like the Puritans that did want to break away from the Church of England.
The most famous Separatists were the Pilgrims. |
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What is significant about the Massachusetts Bay Colony's government basis? |
Their government structure, or the Mayflower Compact, was a simple agreement in which a government would be formed that would submit to the will of the majority.
One of the first steps towards self-government. |
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Who is John Winthrop and what is his importance? |
He was the Massachusetts Bay Colony's first governor.
He declared that the colony would be a model for humankind, thus the colony would be very morally based. |
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Who were the Dissenters? |
A religious group that were Separatists to the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams |
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List colonies other than Massachusetts in the New England area. |
Rhode Island New Hampshire Connecticut Pennsylvania (Proprietorship) |
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What was significant about William Penn's Pennsylvania? |
William Penn, being a Quaker, had full religious toleration, was a pacifist, was friendly to Native Americans, and advocated Women's Rights. |
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Which colonies promoted religious toleration? |
Rhode Island Pennsylvania Maryland (Only to Christians) |
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What is significant about the Pequot War and King Philip's (Metacom) War? |
Both conflicts are based on land disputes with natives.
After King Philip's War, natives only posed a sporadic threat to New Englanders. |
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What was the New England Confederation of 1643? |
A group formed by New England to make a defense against foreigners. |
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What is significant about England's Navigation Laws? |
It stated that the colonies could only trade with England, forming an instance of mercantilism. |
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What is significant about England's Salutary Neglect? |
It was a less hands-on approach, allowing the colonies to govern themselves if they continued to make England money.
Ends in 1763. |
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How were the conditions in the Chesapeake Bay colonies? |
There was a much shorter life span due to disease.
The land would be exhausted, causing settlers to move West and take Indian land.
The desire to become wealthy led to the increased use of indentured servants and the Headright System. |
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What did the Headright System do? |
It promised 50 acres of land to a plantation owner who pays the passage of an immigrant (who would then work as an indentured servant). |
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What is significant about Bacon's Rebellion? |
Bacon leads a group of former indentured servants that goes on a killing spree of natives, then burns down Jamestown.
Indentured servants were upset that they were becoming settlers, but didn't have any land.
This event led to the labor force moving from indentured servants to slaves from Africa. It also shows the differences between the rich and the poor. |
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What is significant about the Middle Passage? |
It was a trade route for shipping African slaves to the New World.
The conditions in which the slaves were transported were abhorrent. |
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Did slaves ever rebel? How often? |
Yes, but not frequently. Each time they rebel, the South tightens their grip. |
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What are the social characteristics of the New England colonies? |
The presence of towns made more close-knit families.
Education held a great importance, so many New Englanders were educated.
Cleaner water and a cooler temperature led to less disease.
Women were required to give up property rights when they married. |
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What was the Half-Way Covenant and why is it significant? |
An attempt by the Puritan church to increase membership at the cost of religious purity.
It separated the elite from the commoners. |
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What was the Salem Witch Trials and why is it significant? |
A series of accusations by farmers aimed at the rich, mostly due to spite.
Illustrates the tensions between the rich and poor. |
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Why do colonists look to sell their goods elsewhere? |
The British population was slow-growing, thus the colonists would have surpluses. |
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How does the selling of goods to countries other than Britain by the colonies go against mercantilism? |
It ignores the Navigation Acts which aimed to put the colonies under Britain's mercantilist rule.
The colonies going against the Navigation Acts create tensions between the colonies and Britain. |
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What was The Great Awakening and why is it important? |
It was an attempt by the Puritan churches to increase membership, and viewed as the first mass social movement in American History.
It featured the religious revivals. |
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What is significant about Jonathan Edwards? |
Jonathan Edwards was credited with starting the Great Awakening in 1734.
He gave a very popular religious revival known as 'Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God'. |
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What is significant about George Whitefield? |
George Whitefield gave religious revivals in a very electrifying manner. |
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What are the "Old Light" and "New Light" peoples? How does this relate to the Great Awakening? |
The "Old Lights" are the more traditional, book-based preachers who were the general reason for the need of the Great Awakening.
The "New Lights" are the more modern, revivalist preachers who use powerful diction and style to bring people to church.
The difference between the two groups emerge due to the Great Awakening. |
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What effects does the Great Awakening have? |
It creates the line between "Old Lights" and "New Lights" and increases the competitiveness of churches.
The ability of choosing one's church greatly added to the growing democratic component of the New World colonies. |
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What is significant about the John Peter Zenger case? |
John Peter Zenger was a newspaper printer who condemned the royal governor in the paper. Zenger was charged with libel, but found not guilty.
His case was an achievement for freedom of the press and for democracy. From this, newspapers would be able to freely print true criticisms of political officials. |
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What is significant about the 1754 Albany Plan of Union? |
It was another attempt of union by the colonies. |
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What major events happened in the year 1763? |
The French and Indian War ended, starting a long chain of attempts by Britain to have the colonies pay for the war.
Salutary Neglect was ended.
Pontiac's Rebellion
Proclamation Line of 1763, which restricted the colonists from moving past the Appalachian mountains, west. |
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What methods does Britain use to try and use the colonies to pay off the debts accumulated during the French and Indian War? |
Sugar Act of 1764, which taxed sugar.
Stamp Act of 1765, which taxes an array of commonly used goods but gets repealed.
Townshend Acts of 1767, which taxes imports but gets repealed. |
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What is significant about the Stamp Act Congress of 1765? |
It was a Congress of the Colonies and the first attempt at colonial unity against the British. |
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What is significant about the Declaratory Act of 1766? |
Britain declares that it can pass all laws (including taxes) in the future. |
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What is significant about the Boston Massacre of 1770? |
Colonists view it as an attack on them, greatly increasing tensions. |
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What is significant about the Tea Act of 1773? |
It's aim was to bail out the British East India Company, which upset the colonists. The colonists respond with the Boston Tea Party. Britain responds to the Boston Tea Party with the Intolerable Acts (included the closing of the port of Boston, the Quartering Act) |
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What is very significant about the response of the colonies to the Intolerable Acts? |
The 1st Continental Congress is created, another colonial unity against the British. |
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What is significant about the battles at Lexington and Concord? |
They're the start of the Revolutionary War, or the "shot heard round the world." |
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What is significant about the Second Continental Congress? |
Another unity of the colonies.
It, at first, aimed to make peace with Britain, but then moved on to seek independence. |
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What is significant about the Olive Branch Petition? |
It was a peace attempt by the colonies to avoid full-blown war with Britain.
The king of Britain declines. |
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What is significant about Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense'? |
It was a pamphlet that effectively informed and persuaded to colonists to support the cause of independence. |
