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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lousiana Purchase |
- Jefferson - wanted port in New Orleans to provide outlet for Western crops - failure of French army to suppress a slave riot in Haiti pushed Napoleon to sell - violated Jefferson's "strict interpretation" |
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Marshall Court |
- strong central gov, opposed states' rights - defended power of contracts - strengthened congress power to regulate commerce - protected private and local cooperations from local gov. interference |
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Marbury v. Madison |
- sued Madison b/c he would not deliver the “appointment papers” left by the Adam’s presidency (one of the midnight judges - This case established JUDICIAL REVIEW. *Marbury was a Federalist* |
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McCulloch vs. Maryland
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- the chartering of the Second BUS was within the power of the federal government and that Maryland could not tax a legitimate operation of the federal gov. |
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Dartmouth vs. Woodward |
- New Hampshire wanted to make Dartmouth a state university - do states have the power to nullify contracts? - result: stated that states don't have power to nullify contracts and get involved in private businesses |
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Era of Good Feelings |
-1815-1825 - nationalism vs. sectionalism - Clays Am system = Marshall Court - creation of dictionary - Missouri Compromise - Panic 1819 |
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Corrupt Bargain |
ended the Era of Good Feelings, election of 1824 Jackson vs. John Quincy Adams. Jackson had more popular and electoral votes, but the election was thrown into the House of Reps. Clay threw support behind Adams enabling him to win the election, Clay was then appointed Secretary of state. |
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War of 1812 Causes
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- second war for independence - Causes: Britain's support of Indian hostilities along the frontier, interference with American trade, impressments of American sailors into the British army, and Embargo Act |
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War of 1812 Results |
- Battle of New Orleans was unnecessary bc war had already ended, Jackson hadn’t received this information, but won anyways - Fort McHenry: Francis Scott Key wrote Star Spangled Banner - gained respect from other nations after beating Britain twice,US accepted Canada as part of British, Federalist party came to an end, set a precedent for South to secede in future Civil War, Natives surrendered land to whites, industrialization increased, and nationalism increased. - Treaty of Ghent: signed 1814 Christmas, American and British diplomats met in Ghent, Belgium. Britain made no concessions about impressments or blockade and original owners were given back their territory, Canada border remained. |
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Clay's American System |
- (1) wanted to raise the tariff to create a larger market for farmers and factories - (2) strengthen national bank - (3) financing internal developments such as transportation systems |
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Missouri Compromise |
1820 - Maine entered as a free state - Missouri entered as a slave state - above 36'30' closed to slavery |
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Monroe Doctrine |
1823 - American continents were no longer available for colonization - Europeans would stay on their side of the hemisphere as would the Americans - prompted domestic affairs to thrive - growth of democracy, creation of new states, and the growing population were now the main focus rather than foreign countries |
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Jackson |
- expanded white men suffrage - common man - patronage "spoils system" - opposed to elites |
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Tariff of Abominations |
- 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North and was hated by the South - favored western agricultural interests by raising tariffs or import taxes - In the South, these tariffs raised the cost of manufactured goods, thus angering them and causing more sectionalist feelings. - South Carolina Exposition and Protest: stated that if the unconstitutional tariff was not repealed then South Carolina would secede. - Clay’s Compromise: tariff was gradually lowered to the same level as it has been in 1816 |
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Nullification Crisis |
- Calhoun said a state doesn't have to follow if they don't think is constitutional - Jackson insisted that this was a form of treason and threatened to invade - South Carolina nullified the force act as a symbolic act. The Nullification Crisis also showed how no state can defy the federal government on its own. |
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Bank War |
- Clay, Webster, and Biddle tried to recharter the bank, but the bill was vetoed by Jackson - Jackson began to weaken the bank by removing government deposits which caused Biddle to raise interest rates and call in loans precipitating a recession - Jacksonians blamed the collapse of the Bank on Biddle and refused the rechartering |
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Worcester vs. Georgia |
- Cherokee tried to stop Georgia from taking their land - defined a place for the Indians in the American system and had basic property rights - not subject to the authority of state governments, but the federal government had the ultimate authority - Jackson sent an army to “escort” the Cherokee westward |
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"Soft Money" vs. "Hard Money" |
- "soft money":consisted of state bankers and objected the Bank b/c it restrained them from issuing notes freely, favored rapid economic growth and speculation - "hard money":believed that the coin was the only safe currency and condemned both state and federal banks for issuing banknotes, suspicious of rapid growth and speculation... Jackson |
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Specie Circular |
- Jackson feared that states were selling land for state banknotes of questionable value - the “specie circular” only allowed for the payment of public land to be received if it was backed up by gold or silver - caused a financial panic in the beginning of Van Buren’s presidency also causing land prices to fall. |
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King Cotton |
- cotton gin - rise of textile manufacturing in England - majority of Whites didn't own slaves in Antebellum South |
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Transportation Revolution |
- 1852--Erie Canal(inc. ties btwn. NY and Great Lakes) - steamboats - railroads |
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Role of Women in Antebellum |
- cult of domesticity - Republican motherhood |
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Women's Movement in Antebellum |
- led by the middle class - legal and educational rights - conventions in Northeast and Midwest |
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Seneca Falls |
- 1848 Stanton and Mott - Dec of Sentiments and Resolutions: suffrage, property after marriage, divorce and custody laws, education |
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Dorothea Dix |
- mentally ill and disabled reforms |
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2nd Great Awakening |
inspired reforms achieve salvation through individual effort focused on slavery |
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Am Colonization Society |
- return freed slaves to Africa - led by middle class women and men |
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William Lloyd Garrison |
- editor of the "Liberator" - immediate emancipation - supported women's rights which divided the anti-slavery party |
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Fredrick Douglas |
- black abolitionist - equal rights for women and Native Americans |
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Sarah Grimke |
- 1st women to publicly support abolition and women's rights |
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Transcendentalism |
- believed that people were naturally good and that society corrupted the purity specifically organized religion and political parties - people were at their best when they were self reliant and independent - connection between human and nature |
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Utopian Communities |
- Brook Farm in Massachusetts and the Village of Cooperation in Indiana were both communal living centers that gave each member an opportunity for “self-realization”- everyone was equal. - Oneida Community: no marriage, women sexual activity was monitored, women played large role |
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Hudson River School |
- first coherent art school - panted landscapes emphasizing America's beauty |
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Texas |
- Lone Star Republic - Jackson opposed admission of Texas bc controversy over slavery...turned it into a republic |
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Oregon |
- Polk promised to take all of disputed land in Oregon - U.S and Britain established boundary at 49th parallel |
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The Mexican War |
- Polk declared that the Mexican troops illegally crossed into Am. territory and killed Am. soldiers - Whigs opposed the war led by Lincoln - Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: US got Cali and New Mexico and recognized Rio as Texas border - Wilmont Proviso: proposed that all acquired land would be with no slavery |
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Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions |
- written anonymously by Jefferson - Virginia-written by Madison - Attempt to get rid of Alien and Sedition Acts. - Thought that the government was extending its powers (violation of tenth amendment). |
