Apush Chapters 19 & 20

Front 1

The Party System

Back 1

Public intensely loyal to parties

Front 2

Patronage

Back 2

granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support

Front 3

Rutherford B Hayes

Back 3

President during the Repub party split

Front 4

Stalwarts

Back 4

Republicans that favored machine politics

Front 5

Half-Breeds

Back 5

Republicans that favored reform

Front 6

1880 Election

Back 6

Garfield elected, Chester Arthur VP

Front 7

James Garfield

Back 7

Won 1880 election, was a half-breed

Front 8

Chester Arthur

Back 8

VP of Garfield, replaced Garfield after his assassination, was a Stalwart

Front 9

1881

Back 9

Year Garfield was assassinated

Front 10

Pendleton Act

Back 10

Passed by Chester, required exams for some govt jobs

Front 11

James Blaine

Back 11

Initial Repub nominee for 1884 election, symbol of party politics

Front 12

Grover Cleveland

Back 12

Dem reform candidate for 1884 election, attracted some liberal repubs

Front 13

Benjamin Harrison

Back 13

Repub nominee for 1888 election, won

Front 14

1890 Sherman Antitrust Act

Back 14

National act from reformers to limit corporations preventing competition, not enforced well

Front 15

McKinley Tariff of 1890

Back 15

Highest protective tariff ever, backed by repubs, lost repub political control

Front 16

Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railroad vs Illinois

Back 16

Ruled only fed govt able to regulate interstate commerce

Front 17

1887 Interstate Commerce Act

Back 17

Banned rate discrimination and injustice, formed the Interstate Commerce Commission

Front 18

Granger Movement

Back 18

First major effort to organize farmers, not successful

Front 19

The Farmer's Alliance

Back 19

Focused on local problems and also to create a society of cooperation, not successful

Front 20

Ocala Platform 1892

Back 20

Party platform for Populists, outlined Populist reform programs

Front 21

Populists

Back 21

Party formed in 1892 from Farmers' Alliance, did surprisingly well

Front 22

The Populist Constituency

Back 22

Populism appealed mainly to suffering small farmers, failed to attract labor support, did attract miners (due to free silver policy)

Front 23

Panic of 1893

Back 23

Caused by bankruptcy of few corporations that led to bank failure, led to credit contraction. Showed how dependent economy was on powerful RRs

Front 24

Jacob Coxey

Back 24

Populist that called for massive public works program for unemployed and currency inflation

Front 25

Coxey's Army

Back 25

Protesters in D.C. following Coxey's ideas

Front 26

Bimetal Standard

Back 26

Discontinued in 1873

Front 27

Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890

Back 27

increased the amount of silver the government was required to purchase every month, Cleveland wanted to repeal it in 1893 which split Dem party

Front 28

Silverites

Back 28

Saw gold standard as tyrannous and advantageous to wealthy, silver would decrease debt

Front 29

William Jennings Bryan

Back 29

Opposed gold Standard, populist nominee for 1896 election

Front 30

Cross of Gold Speech

Back 30

Speech given by William Jennings Bryan opposing gold standard

Front 31

The Conservative Party

Back 31

Republicans, ?

Front 32

McKinley

Back 32

Won 1896 election, repub,

Front 33

Currency Act of 1900

Back 33

Confirmed nation's gold standard

Front 34

Gold Bugs

Back 34

Supporters of the gold standard

Front 35

Social Darwinism

Back 35

only fittest nations survive

Front 36

Josiah Strong

Back 36

Wrote "Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis" stated Anglo-Saxon race represented liberty and Christianity, USA should spread them

Front 37

John Burgess

Back 37

Wrote that duty of USA was to uplift less fortunate people

Front 38

Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan

Back 38

Wrote "The Influence of Sea Power Upon History" stated US needed stronger naval presense

Front 39

James Blaine

Back 39

Sec of State that sought to expand US influence in Latin America, organized Pan-American Congress

Front 40

Hawaii

Back 40

Desired by US b/c Navy wanted Pearl Harbor as a base

Front 41

Queen Liliokalani

Back 41

Last Hawaiian monarch yielded her authority to the United States Government rather than to the Provisional Government

Front 42

Samoa

Back 42

Served as station for US ships in Pacific trade

Front 43

Cuba

Back 43

Resisted Spanish rule, fought for independence violently in 1895

Front 44

Valeriano Weyler

Back 44

Spanish leader against Cuban revolt, used harsh tactics

Front 45

Pulitzer

Back 45

Created NY World

Front 46

Hearst

Back 46

Created NY Journal

Front 47

yellow journalism

Back 47

a type of journalism that presents little or no legitimate well-researched news and instead uses eye-catching headlines to sell more newspapers

Front 48

DeLome Letter

Back 48

Leaked letter from Spanish Minister to Washington naming McKinley "bidder of the crowd"

Front 49

The Maine

Back 49

US battleship destoyed, Spain initially blamed, caused US to go to war with Spain

Front 50

John Hay

Back 50

Secretary of State who called Spanish-American War a "splendid little war"

Front 51

The Philippines

Back 51

Spanish colony

Front 52

Theodore Roosevelt

Back 52

Sec of Navy, strengthened Pacific Fleet and ordered an attack on Spanish forces in Philippines

Front 53

Commodore George Dewey

Back 53

Ordered by Roosevelt to attack Spanish forces in Philippines

Front 54

Battle for San Juan Hill

Back 54

Part of the battle for Cuba

Front 55

Rough Riders

Back 55

had famous charge at Battle of Kettle Hill

Front 56

Colonel Theodore Roosevelt

Back 56

Led the Rough Riders

Front 57

Puerto Rico

Back 57

Territory given to US by Spain at end of war

Front 58

Foraker Act

Back 58

Created colonial govt with american governor in Puerto Rico

Front 59

Jones Act

Back 59

Made Puerto Rico US territory and Puerto Ricans US citizens

Front 60

Treaty of Paris

Back 60

Ended war w/ Spain in 1898. US paid $20 milion for Philippines

Front 61

Anti-Imperialist League

Back 61

opposed imperialism b/c its immoral, industrial workers feared cheap labor

Front 62

William Jennings Bryan

Back 62

Ran against McKinley in 1900 election and lost, anti-imperialist

Front 63

Philippine War

Back 63

Long, bloody war w/ insurgent Philippine independence fighters

Front 64

Emilio Aguinaldo

Back 64

Led Philippine rebellion

Front 65

William Howard Taft

Back 65

believed US mission to prepare Filipinos for independence

Front 66

Open Door Policy

Back 66

Proposed to Eur nations allowing access to China but give no nation special advantages

Front 67

Boxer Rebellion

Back 67

Arose against foreigners in China

Front 68

Elihu Root

Back 68

Sec of War appointed by McKinley to overhaul US military forces