Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Presidential Election of 1800
|
"Revolution of 1800"
Thomas Jefferson (& Aaron Burr as VP) vs. John Adams -the first real, nasty campaign -There was a tie between Jefferson and his VP candidate Aaron Burr : the electors had all put one vote on Jefferson and one on Burr as there was not yet seperate ballots for pres. and VP -Jefferson was selected by the House of Representatives who were won over by Alexander Hamilton who thought Jefferson was better for the nation b/c of his experience despite him being a democrat ^This election left bad blood between the Pres. and VP b/c when the election ended in a tie, Burr actually lobbied for the House's vote for Pres. |
|
|
Twelth Ammendment
|
declared that there would be separate ballots for Pres. and VP
-came about b/c the mix up in the election of 1800 |
|
|
"We are all republicans, we are all federalists."
|
Thomas Jefferson in his Inaugural Address in 1801
-promised that he would decrease national debt ::he set tone of democratic simplicity ::this came back to bite him in the butt |
|
|
Thomas Jefferson's Threat to Federalist Way of Life
|
Federalists were afraid that Jefferson would get rid of ALL of the Federalist programs but he DID NOT
He: 1. allowed the Alien & Sedition Acts to expire 2. Repealed exise tax on whiskey 3. Restored 5yr nationalism 4. Pardoned newspaper editors charged with violation of Sedition Act *Left most programs intact which was very good on his part :: shows that a diff. party does not = a diff. gov. |
|
|
Judiciary Act of 1801
|
On the last night in office, John Adams stayed up until midnight to sign the commisions of all the new judgeships and send them off to the judges.
He didn't finish so he left them for Jefferson to get his secretary to deliver. -Jefferson refused to deliver b/c all the judges were federalists and he knew exactly what Adams was trying to do *caused case of Marburry vs. Madison |
|
|
William Marbury
|
He was due one of the commisions Adams sign in his last day of office
-Sued James Madison (secratary of state whose job it was to deliver commisions) |
|
|
John Marshall
|
One of the "Midnight Justices"
-judged the case of Marbury vs. Madison -established the supreme courts right to judicial review |
|
|
Marbury vs. Madison
|
Marbury sued Madison for not delivering the commision Adams signed
-Marshall decided that the writ of mandamus was unconstitutional and the court should not be allowed to force a gov. official to carry out job -Marshall knew that if he delegated this case to a lower court (Supreme Court is an appellate court) the decision would not be able to be enforced (this was practically going against the Pres. -Marshall gives the power of judicial review (satisfied people) and denied Marbury his commision (b/c writ of mandamus was determined unconstitutional) |
|
|
writ of mandamus
|
written order that forces a government official to carry out his/her job
-carried out by Judiciary Act of 1789 |
|
|
appellate court
|
primarily deal with appeals
-cases that must be tried in a lower court before coming to Supreme Court -after Marbury vs. Madison, Supreme Court also deals with the question of unconstitutional vs. constitutional |
|
|
Salmon Chase
|
After Marbury vs. Madsion, Thomas Jefferson attempts to remove Salmon Chase from the bench b/c Chase was quite biased towards Jefferson even though he was supposed to be impartial
-Chase is impeached but acquited *proves that the make up of the court cannot be altered through impeachment |
|
|
Jefferson and the Barbary Pirates in 1801
|
Thomas Jefferson :
-reduced the size of the US standing army -made smaller ships and got rid of some naval forces "Mosquito Fleet" |
|
|
Events Leading the Lousisana Purchase
|
Spain gave LA to France
-US was notified that they no longer had access to the lower Mississippi and New Orleans :: big problem for agricultural states that use the Mississippi and New Orleans as part of a major trade route |
|
|
Toussaint L'ouverture
|
Leader of slave revolt in Santo Domingo (Haiti)
-Napoleon though he could use Santo Domingo as a base to control New Orleans but a slave revolt at the time weakened Napoleans hold over LA - Many of the soldiers sent to stop rebellion died (most from malaria) |
|
|
San Ildefonso
|
treaty between Spain and France that transfered Lousisana from Spain to France
|
|
|
Lousisana Purchase Treaty of 1803
|
After the Treaty of San Ildefonso Jefferson begins to seriously think about how to get LA and other lands east of New Orleans for the US
-Jefferson sends James Monroe and Robert Livingston to France to negotiate purchasing terms of New Orleans with Nap. (they are allowed $10 million) -When they get there, Napoleon is so desperate for money to fund his war that he asks what theyll give for all of LA -Monroe and Livingstion offer $15 million |
|
|
Why was Jefferson embarrassed of the purchase of LA?
|
1. buying LA goes againts his strict interpretation of the Constitution since it does not directly say that the American gov. has the right to purchase new lands
2. he promised to lower national debt |
|
|
What section of the US opposed the purchase of Lousisana?
|
New England
-if America expands west, the east coast would no longer be the center of US where the focus of political power was : a lot of people would move west to get out of over crowded cities |
|
|
Lewis and Clark Expedition
|
Jefferson sent explorers to explore Louisiana Territory to survey the land
-45 men and one indian woman (Sacajawea) -collected all kinds of data on species of plants and animals in the land -observed the tribes in the land -expedition went all the way to the west coast near current Oregon :: provided US claim to Oregon territory *expedition was all about collecting data and observing the land for future habitation |
|
|
Zebulon Pike
|
explored the southwest desert portion of LA that was deemed "uninhabitable"
-tried to climb highest peak in Rocky Mt. -exlplored the North West looking for source of Missisippi River (Lake Itasca) -his exploration of this land enabled americans to decide to send Indians to Oklahoma |
|
|
Who challenged Alexander Hamilton to a duel and what was the outcome?
|
Aaron Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel
-Burr blamed Hamilton for causing him to lose the presidential election -Burr lost campaign for governor against Hamilton Burr challenged Hamilton but Hamilton thought it was a joke and shot for the trees :: Burr shot and killed Hamilton |
|
|
Burr Conspiracy
|
Burr had a plot to raise an army with the help of the British lead LA out of the union and he would be leader of the new land
-turned in by James Wilkinson :: John Marshall (judge over case) acquited Burr -you can plan and plot conspiracy as long as you dont carry it out its not a crime |
|
|
How and why did Britain and France violate our nuetral rights at sea?
|
Britain and France are fighting again and don't want the US trading with each other
-Britain established the Orders in Council *direct violation of neutral rights at sea |
|
|
Orders in Council
|
British legislation that mandated that any ship trading with France had to go to a British port to be inspected by British
|
|
|
Chesapeake Incident of 1807
|
American ship was stopped by British
-the British captain demanded that the Americans let him search the ship (looking for British deserters) -Americans refused and British fired :: killed 3, wounded 14, 4 people were taken by the British |
|
|
American response to Chesapeake Incident
|
Embargo Act
-Americans wanted war with Britain |
|
|
Embargo Act 1807
|
shuts down all trading in and out of America
-causes depression |
|
|
Non-Intercourse Act
|
reopened trade with all nations except Britain and France
|
|
|
Successor of Jefferson
|
James Madison
-previous secretary of state -4th Pres. from VA |
|
|
Macon's Bill
|
temporarily reopened trade with Britain and France but stated that if either lifted its offensice laws against US, that nation would get exclusive trading with US
-Napoleon eagerly agrees but Britain interferes with this agreement *not a smart move on Madison's part --indirectly causes War of 1812 |
|
|
Why did US declare war in Britain in 1812?
|
1. Britian violated US nuetral rights at sea
2. US blame their trouble with Indians on Britain -Britain gives guns and ammo to Indians to use against American frontier settlers 3. War Hawks pressed Congress for war 4. Chesapeake Incident (5. land) (6. pride) unofficial reson for war |
|
|
War Hawks
|
young western Congressmen who were itching for war
-they had not experienced a war yet and were putting pressure on the Pres. to declare war (John Calhoun, Henry Clay, Felix Grundy) |
|
|
Tecumseh and the Prophet
|
2 Indian brothers who tried to unite Northwest Indians and stop American encroschment onto frontier land
-set up headquarters at Tippecanoe |
|
|
General William Henry Harrison
|
lead army against Tippecanoe
-only found old men, women, and children -brothers were not there -found British made weapons at Tippecanoe |
|
|
War of 1812
|
"Mr. Madison's War"
The US was divided and unprepared for war -Federalists opposed b/c they were British supporters :: refused to buy gov. bonds or join army :: continued to trade with Britain during war -Luckily for US, Britain was preoccupied with France during most of war *sometimes referred to as the second war of american independence |
|
|
Military Campaigns of War of 1812
|
Canada
Lake Erie Battle of the Thames Lake Champlain Washington DC Battle of New Orleans |
|
|
Canada (War of 1812)
|
US attampted 3 separate invasions of Canda
US burned capitol of Canada *All three failed -lack of roads |
|
|
Lake Erie
|
Oliver Hazard Perry defeated the British on Lake Erie
1st victory of US |
|
|
"We have met the enemy, and they are ours"
|
Oliver Hazard Perry said this to the Gov. of Indiana after he had won the battle at Lake Erie
|
|
|
Battle of the Thames
|
William Henry Harrison defeated the British at Thames river near Detroit
-Tecumseh was killed in this battle *pretty much ended Indian resestance |
|
|
What enabled the British to focus more on their war in the US?
|
Napoleon became bogged down in Russia when he attempted to invade.
-the British planned 3 invasions on America : one from the north, south, and east |
|
|
Battle of Plattsburg
|
The British attempted to invade US by Lake Champlain
-American Captaion Thomas Mcdonough stopped the British -1st British attempt at invasion failed |
|
|
Washington D.C.
|
*the most humilitating defeat for the United States
British fleets invaded Washing D.C. by way of the Chesapeake Bay -The capitol was suprise-attacked, captured, and burned by the British :: Pres. Madison and his wife barely escaped :: Dolly managed to grap George Washington's portrait before she feld |
|
|
Fort McHenry
|
From DC, the British advanced on Baltimore
-Fort Mc Henry, an American fort that guarded the city was bombarded by British forces -The British failed to penetrate the fort and had to fall back to the Chesapeake |
|
|
Franceis Scott Key
|
wrote the "Star Spangled Banner" after witnessing the battle at Fort McHenry
|
|
|
Star Spangled Banner
|
Oh say can you see by the dawn's early light
What so proudly we hailed at the twilights last gleaming Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight Oh'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming And the rockets red glare the bombs bursting in air Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there Oh say does that star spangled baner yet wave Oh'er the land of the free and the home of the brave |
|
|
Battle of New Orleans
|
took place after the war ended
-8000 British soldiers landed in New Orleans led by General Packenham -General Andrew Jackson led a volunteer army of nuns, pirates, free blacks, prostitutes, and others -under the cover of the fog, Jackson ambushed the invaders -Packenham and half of his army was killed and the British retreated -most decisive battle in the war *gave americans a strong sense of nationalism |
|
|
Treaty of Ghent
|
John Quincy Adams, James Monroe, and Henry Clay were the American commissioners sent to negotiate th treaty
-both sides agreed on an armistice -provided for Status-Quo-Antebellum :: everything was the same as before the war :: no land lost or won |
|
|
Consequences of the War of 1812
|
1. marked a turning point in relationship between US and Great Britain (improved)
2. stimulated national pride (nationalism) 3. stimulated industrial revolution in the US :: the US couldn't trade with Britain and had to rely on themselves for manufactured goods + people would come from Britain to the US with ideas for machines 4. Indian resistance was crushed 5. Federalist party died out 6. the war convinced Americans that a strong standing army and navy was needed during times of peace |
|
|
Hartford Convention
|
Federalists discussed succeeding from the Union b/c they disagreed with fighting the British
-they were branded as unpatriotic and died out completely |
|
|
Creek War
|
began when the Creek Indians divided :: "white creeks" and "red sticks"
the US supported the "good" Indians (the white creeks) |
|
|
Battle of Horseshoe Bend
|
"bad" faction of Creeks was defeated in Alabama
-ended with a ton of Creek land being given to the US *this land was used as Indian Territory (Trail of Tears) |
|
|
Most impressive biproduct of the War of 1812
|
the sense of nationalism it brought to America
|
|
|
Reasons for new sense of nationalism
|
1. vistories enjoyed in the War of 1812 (mainly Battle of New Orleans)
2. US was no longer so dependent on Britain for manufacture goods ~ major increase in domestic industrialization 3. Decline of Federalist party |
|
|
Evidence of new nationalism
|
1. rebuilt the capitol
2. major military expansion 3. major increase in domestic manufacturing 4. Birth of national literature |
|
|
Defeat of Barbary Pirates
|
led by Stephen Decator
-combined US and British fleets stormed into Mediterranean Sea and defeated the pirates *ended payment of tributes forever |
|
|
Washington Irving
|
1st true American author
-wrote the Knickerboker Tales :: ~different volumes all stage in New York ~Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Rip Van Winkle |
|
|
James Fenimore Cooper
|
1st true american novelist
-Leather Stocking Tales -Last of the Mohigans -Pathfinders -The Dear Slayer |
|
|
Noah Webster
|
produced a dictionary of the first American version of the English language
|
|
|
William McGuffy
|
a teacher/preacher who produced the McGuffy Readers
-lessons for every level of school that taught how to read with lessons on morals and patriotism |
|
|
American System
|
Henry Clay proposed a system to unite the 3 obvious sections of the US (north, south, and west)
1. recharter Bank of US : there was chaos without it 2. proposed a protective tariff to protect the arising Ame. factories from foreign competition 3. proposed federally funding internal improvements (roads, canals, bridges, etc.) |
|
|
Samuel Slater
|
"father of American factory system"
-came to the US and built the 1st machine and then built a factory around it -located near river (water powered) -was for weaving cloth |
|
|
Eli Whitney
|
invented the cotton gin
-machine for separating cotton from plant = farmers could plant more cotton and get more from their crops ~north says this means no more slaves ~south says they need more slaves to work the many fields they plan on planting |
|
|
Tariff of 1816
|
1st protective tariff
-americans approved of tariff b/c they were beginning to delve into their own industry -taxed foreign products and encourage people to buy american goods |
|
|
Lowell System
|
Francis Lowell comes up with the idea that there is an entie force of young, unmarried women who can satisfy the demand for labour
-girls are sent to the factory and housed in dorms -worked 12 hour days -transition to factory was difficult -system spreads across the north -great system until immigrants arrived and worked for less than the women |
|
|
Factory Girls Associations
|
the young women tried to form a union but the plan fell out when immigrants came
|
|
|
Bonus Bill
|
proposed the the federal government give money to states to fund internal improvements
-passed through congress but Pres. James Madision vetoed it :: declared it unconstitutional :: felt that the federal government didn't have the right to fund state projects |
|
|
Erie Canal
|
1st major canal project
-connected Buffalo, NY to Albany, NY (Hudson River and Lake Erie) -connected the great lakes area to the east -only about 40 ft wide and 6ft deep -foot paths on each side where horses would drag barges across canal (could be used when canal froze over too |
|
|
Dewitt Clinton
|
the governor of NY who pushed for the Erie Canal to be built
|
|
|
National Raod
|
AKA : Cumberland Road
-1st federally funded road in US -started in Cumberland, MD and ended in Vidalia, IL |
|
|
Lancaster Turnpike
|
in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
-toll road -pikes prevented cars from going through without busting wheels -pay and pikes go down ~state project |
|
|
Who was elected president in 1816?
|
James Monroe
-from Virginia; previous secretary of state for James Madison -shose John Quincy Adams as Sec. of State -broke the Virginian Dynasty by not appointing a Virginian as his Sec. of State -When he reruns, there is no opposition except for one person who wanted to leave the honor of a unanimous vote to George Washington -recieve warmly in New England b/c of his appointment of Adams "Era of Good Feelings" |
|
|
Great Migration
|
reference to peopl moving west
|
|
|
How many states were added to the Union between 1791 and 1819?
|
9 :: Vermont, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana, Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama
|
|
|
What caused the expansion that occured after the War of 1812?
|
1. cheap available land
2. influx of immigrants from Germany and Ireland 3. Indians had been subdued 4. Transportation improvements 5. Machinery |
|
|
Panic of 1819
|
during the French Revolution, there was a large demand for american crops and people bought more land and slaves than they could handle : but once the Frecnh war ended, america was catapulted into a depression
1. overexpansion of credit 2. overspeculation of land 3. over production *1st financial panic |
|
|
How many states belonged to the US in 1819?
|
22
|
|
|
Which state applied ofr admission into the US in 1819 and why did this cause an uproar?
|
Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state
*this would mean that the ratio of free to slave states would be 11:12 = South (slave states) would have more representation in Congress -caused the first real nation-wide debate over slavery ~Missouri is above the Mason Dixon Line and the north feels that its time for slavery to come to an end |
|
|
Missouri Comromise
|
proposed by Henry Clay
-fortunately, Maine applies for statehood around the same time -Clay proposes to admit Missouris as slave state and Maine as a free state -also, the bottom border of Missouri would now be the boundary line separating free states from slave states for the whole country |
|
|
Tallmadge Amendment
|
James Tallmadge proposed that the US admit Missouribut allow no more slave states and provide for gradual emmancipation of slaves
-rejected |
|
|
Presidential election of 1820
|
James Monroe ran unnapposed
|
|
|
John Marshall
|
Chief Justice who greatly impacted the Supreme Court
-believed in santity of private property and contracts -Supreme court has the final say in judiciary matters -the federal government in supreme over states |
|
|
McCulloch vs. Maryland
|
Maryland levied a tax on the Baltimore branch of the Bank of the US
-BOA will not pay tax Maryland wins -Marshall ruled in favor of the Bank ~state cannot tax a federal bank ~"the power to tax is the power to destroy" |
|
|
Dartmouth College vs. Woodward
|
Dartmouth was private and the state legislative wanted to make it public
-Dartmouth sues, wins, and remains private Marshall decided that states do not have to power to choose college requirements for private colleges |
|
|
Fletcher vs. Peck
|
Georgia legislature was bribed into granting 30 million acres along the Yasu River to private speculators
-later, legislature rescinded the grant due to it having been obtained under corruption and fraud Marshall let them keep the land -the corrupted deal is still binding and legal |
|
|
Gibbons vs. Ogden
|
Robert Fulton , inventor of the steamboat, had exclusive rights to operating steam boats on NY water
-Ogden bought Fultons liscense to NY when Fulton was no longer interested -Gibbons was a ferry opperator who had permission from Congress to opperate on the Hudson River -Ogden got an injunction to try and keep Gibbons out of NY Marshall ruled in favor of Gibbons who had a federal liscense -said that commerce includes navigation -said tha |
|
|
How did nationalsim change foreign policy in the US after the War of 1812?
|
US relationship with Britain improved greatly
|
|
|
Rush-Bagot Agreement of 1817
|
Agreement between US and Britain to demilitarize the Great Lakes
-longest unfortified border in world |
|
|
Treaty of 1818
|
-US and Britain share fishin rights off the coast of New Foundland
-fixed northern border of LA purchase territory at the 48th parallel -joint 10yr occupation of Oregon Territory |
|
|
How did the US acquire Florida?
|
President Madison annexed Florida from Spain
|
|
|
Events leading up to US acquisition of Florida
|
Mexico and other South American colonies revolted against Spain
-US supports the revolution -President Madison used this revolution of American immigrants to claim West Florida -President Monroe commissioned Andrew Jackson to lead an army into Florida and investigate -Jackson caused an international conflict by attacking and hanging British officers -John Quincy Adams did not appologize for Jackson's actions and gave Spain an ultimatum : give Florida to the US or we'd take it |
|
|
Adams-Onis Treaty
|
Florida Purchase Treaty
|
|
|
Monroe Doctrine
|
Napoleon was crushed and the Quadruple Alliance was made between Russia, Prussia, Austria, and France
-a rumor was going about that Russia was willing to assist Spain in crushing the revolutions in South America *US supports new countries independence -Russia also announced that it was extended jurisdiction from Alaska to the 50th parallel Monroe gave a speech to Congress in which he addressed the other countries -warns that no more countries may lay claim to lands in america ; keep what you have but no more *wouldn't have been very effective but Britain fully suported America in this declaration |
