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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What did Jefferson hope that America would be, bound together by a devotion to the Declaration?
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"an empire of liberty"
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What advantages did the New World have over the Old World?
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youthful population, broad distribution of property ownership, literacy among whites
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What disadvantages did the New World have in comparison to the Old World?
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lack of control of territory, too rural, difficulty in achieving unity due to diversity,
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First written US constitution?
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Articles of Confederation
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Why were the Articles conceived?
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widespread fear that centralized political power posed danger to liberty
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How was the government set up under the Articles?
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unicameral Congress, each state cast one vote, no president, no judiciary
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What powers were granted to the national government under the Articles?
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declaring war, foreign affairs, treaties, etc.
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What was the Articles' biggest success?
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controlling northwest land distribution
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How did Congress feel about the "west" (which was really like Ohio)
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the Indians, since they sided with the British (although in reality, not all of them did) forfeited their right to the land
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Who drafted the Ordinance of 1784 and what did it state?
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T. Jefferson; the northwestern land would be divided into regions governed by Congress ad then admitted into the Union
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What clause was going to be in the first Land Ordinance that Congress rejected by one vote?
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a clause outlawing slavery throughout the West
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What did the 2nd Land Ordinance state?
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it regulated land sales in the land north of the Ohio River (AKA the Old Northwest) at a minimum of $640 purchase in order to raise money for Congress
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What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 do?
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called for the establishment of three to five states north of the Ohio River and west of the Mississippi; also respected Indians' rights to land and prohibited slavery in Old Northwest
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What was the most prominent effect of the Articles?
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America had gotten itself into debt after the war, but Congress couldn't act so states had to adopt their own financial policies, taxes, and currencies
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What was Shays's Rebellion?
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a group of debt-ridden farmers closed Massachusetts banks so their land wouldn't be taken away after the state refused to assist them.
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What was the effect of Shays's Rebellion?
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people realized that the national government needed a uniform economic policy to protect the rights of the people
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Two important Nationalists:
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Madison and Hamilton
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What did the Nationalists support?
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a unified government and Congress
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What was the Annapolis Convention initially held for, and what did they ultimately decide?
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to consider ways to better regulate interstate and international commerce; they decided to meet again to amend the Articles
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Which state didn't send delegates to the Philadelphia Convention?
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Rhode Island
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What was it agreed upon that the new Constitution would create at the Constitutional Convention?
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legislative, executive, and judicial branch; Congressional power to raise money; States could not infringe upon property rights
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What was Madison's Virginia Plan?
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bicameral Congress; state's population determined their number of votes
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What was the New Jersey Plan?
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unicameral Congress; every state cast one vote
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What two basic principles are embodied in the Constitution?
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federalism (AKA "division of powers") and "checks and balances"
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Did the Constitution provide the national government with more or less power than the Articles?
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more, DUH
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What are some examples of checks and balances?
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president veto power; federal judges nominated by president and approved by Congress; president can be impeached by House and removed by Senate
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What things related to slavery were mentioned in the Constitution?
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slave trade could be abolished in 20 years, 3/5 slave population rule thing, fugitive slave clause
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What state was mostly responsible for the defending of slavery at the Convention?
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South Carolina (those bastards)
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Who added the "we the people of the United States" "establish justice" "general welfare" parts of the Constitution?
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Gouverneur Morris
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Who were the Federalist Papers written by and under what name?
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John Jay, Hamilton, and Madison; Publius
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What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers?
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to raise support for the Constitution
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What was Madison's "extend the sphere" philosophy?
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that America's vast size and diversity would strengthen the nation, not weaken it
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What were Anti-Federalists not a fan of?
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the increase of national power and lack of Bill of Rights
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3 famous Anti-Federalists:
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Sam Adams, John Hancock, Patrick Henry
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People of what regions mostly supported Anti-Federalists?
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small farmers in rural areas
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How did Madison feel about the Bill of Rights?
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he felt that they were redundant because the Constitution would sufficiently protect the peoples' rights
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Is the Constitution religious-oriented or secular?
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SECULAR
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How were Indians looked upon in the new republic?
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they either needed to disappear or be assimilated
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What did the Treaty of Greenville do?
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12 Indian tribes ceded most of Ohio and Indiana to the government and created an annuity system (yearly federal grants that basically gave the government control)
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What did Letters from an American Farmer illustrate?
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the exclusion of blacks from being considered American people
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What did the Naturalization Act of 1790 do?
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restrict the process of becoming a citizen to "free white persons"
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