Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Proprietorship |
A colony created through a grant of land from the English monarch to an individual or group, who then set up a form of government largely independent from royal control. |
|
|
Quakers |
Epithet for members of the Society of Friends. Their belief that God spoke directly to each individual through an "inner light" and that neither ministers no the Bible was essential to discovering God's Word put them in conflict with both the Church of England and orthodox Puritans. |
|
|
Navigation Acts |
English laws passed, beginning in the 1650s and 1660s, requiring that certain English colonial goods be shipped through English ports on English shipped manned primarily by English sailors in order to benefit English merchants, shippers, and seamen. |
|
|
Dominion of New England |
A royal province created by King James II in 1686 that would have absorbed Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, New York, and New Jersey into a single, vast colony and eliminated their assemblies and other chartered rights. James's plan was canceled by the Glorious Revolution in 1688, which removed him from the throne. |
|
|
Glorious Revolution |
A quick and nearly bloodless coup in 1688 in which James II of England was overthrown by William of Orange. Whig politicians forced the new King William and Queen Mary to accept the Declaration of Rights, creating a constitutional monarchy that enhanced the powers of the House of Commons at the expense of the crown. |
|
|
Constitutional monarchy |
A monarchy limited in its rule by a constitution. |
|
|
Second Hundred Years' War |
An era of warfare beginning with the War of the League of Augsburg in 1689 and lasting until the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo in 1815. In that time, England fought seven major wars; the longest era of peace lasted only twenty-six years. |
|
|
Tribalization |
The adaptation of stateless people to the demands imposed on them by neighboring states. |
|
|
Covenant Chain |
The alliance of the Iroquois, first with the colony of New York, then with the British Empire and its other colonies. The Covenant Chain became a model for the relations between the British Empire and other Native American peoples. |
|
|
South Atlantic System |
A new agricultural and commercial order that produced sugar, tobacco, rice, and other tropical and subtropical products fro an international marker. Its plantation societies were ruled by European planter-merchants and worked by hundreds of thousands of enslaved Africans. |
|
|
Middle Passage |
The brutal sea voyage from Africa to the Americas that took the lives of nearly two million enslaved Africans. |
|
|
Stono Rebellion |
Slave uprising in 1739 along the Stono River in South Carolina in which a group of slaves armed themselves, plundered six plantations, and killed more than twenty colonists. Colonists quickly suppressed the rebellion. |
|
|
Gentility |
A refined style of living and elaborate manners that came to be highly prized among well-to-do English families after 1600 and strongly influenced leading colonists after 1700. |
|
|
Salutary neglect |
A term used to describe British colonial policy during the reigns of George I (r. 1714-1727) and George II (r. 1727-1760). By relaxing their supervisors of internal colonial affairs, royal bureaucrats inadvertently assisted the rise of self-government in North America. |
|
|
Patronage |
The power of elected officials to grant government jobs and favors to their supports; also the jobs and favors themselves. |
|
|
Land banks |
An institution established by a colonial legislature that printed paper money and lent it to farmers, taking a lien on their lands to ensure payment. |
|
|
William Penn |
Granted with the land that would become Pennsylvania |
|
|
Edmund Andros |
Former military officer and governor of the Dominion of New England |
|
|
William of Orange |
Protestant Dutch prince married to King James II's daughter; took over England when King James II was overthrown |
|
|
John Locke |
Political philosopher; rejected divine-right monarchy created by James II; celebration of individual rights had a lasting influence in America |
|
|
Jacob Leisler |
Dutchman that led rebellion against Dominion of New England; got support at first, but was ultimately tried for treason, hanged, and decapitated |
|
|
William Byrd II |
Example of British ridicule: he was sent to England for education, but was shunned by classmates for being from the colonies; he was denied a job on the Board of Trade; he was rejected by a rich Englishwoman; he eventually moved back to Virginia, built a mansion, and got on the governor's council |
|
|
Robert Walpole |
Whig leader in the House of Commons from 1720-1742; policies filled government with do-nothing hacks; tactics weakened the empire; ultimately created the salutary neglect |
