Apush Chap 1

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JohnCabot

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BornItalian but later moved to England, madea voyage in 1497 on the ship Matthew and claimed land inCanada—mistaking it for Asia—for King Henry VII of England. The declarationhelped to set the course for England's rise to power in the 16th and 17thcenturies.

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ChristopherColumbus

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Italian,sponspored by Spain’s King Ferdinand to make the journey which led him to findthe new world. Columbus left Spain in the Santa Maria, with the Pinta and theNiña along side. He has been credited for opening up the Americas to Europeancolonization.

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HernandoDe Soto

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Was a Spanish explorer andconquistador who led the first European expedition deep into the territory ofthe modern-day United States (Florida, Georgia, Alabama and most likelyArkansas), and the first documented European to have crossed the MississippiRiver.

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FerdinandMagellan

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Portuguese explorerFerdinand Magellan (c. 1480-1521) set out from Spain in 1519with a fleet of five ships to discover a western sea route to the SpiceIslands. En route he discovered what is now known as the Strait of Magellan andbecame the first European to cross the Pacific Ocean.

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Hernan Cortes

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Hernan Cortes de Monroy y Pizarro Altamirano- was a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that causedthe fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexicounder the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century. Cortéswas part of the generation of Spanish colonizers who began the first phase ofthe Spanish colonization of the Americas.

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JacquesCartier

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was a French explorer ofBreton origin who claimed what is now Canada for France.

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RobertLa Salle

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Was a French explorer. Heexplored the Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada, theMississippi River, and the Gulf of Mexico. La Salle claimed theentire Mississippi River basin for France.

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Bartolomede Casas

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Wasa 16th-century Spanish historian, social reformer and Dominican friar. Hebecame the first resident Bishop of Chiapas, and the first officially appointed"Protector of the Indians".

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King Ferdinandand Queen Isabella:

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Isabella wasmarried to her cousin Ferdinand on October 19, 1469. She was crowned the Queenof Castile when Henry IV died in 1474. Ferdinand became the King of Aragón in1479. They only wanted Christians to live in Spain, which they now controlledmost of, and became known as the Catholic Monarchs. They worked with PopeSixtus the fourth in 1483 to get an organization called the Inquisition startedagain, with the intentions of bringing the people of Spain together with onereligion.

In 1492, theycaptured the Kingdom of Granada and made all of the Jews and Moors, or AfricanMuslims, convert to Christianity or move away from Spain. This is also the yearthey sponsored Christopher Columbus.

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European Age ofExploration (Portugal, Spain, England, France, Netherlands,) ;

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?

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Reconquista

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Wasa period of 750 years in which several Christian kingdoms slowly expandedthemselves over the Iberian Peninsula at the expense of the Muslim Moorishstates of Al-Andalus, as they tried to “reconquer” land from the Muslims forChristianity.

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ColumbianExchange

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Wasthe widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations,technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World in the 15th and16th centuries, related to European colonization and trade after ChristopherColumbus's 1492 voyage. Invasive species of flora and fauna and communicablediseases were a byproduct of the Exchange.

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NewAmsterdam

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Thecolony of New Netherland was established by the Dutch West India Company in1624 and grew to encompass all of present-day New York City and parts of LongIsland, Connecticut, and New Jersey. A successful Dutch settlement in thecolony grew up on the southern tip of Manhattan Island and was christened NewAmsterdam

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St.Augustine

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St.Augustine, Florida. St. Augustine (Spanish: San Agustín) is a city in thesoutheastern United States, on the Atlantic coast in northeastern Florida. Itis the oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement within theborders of the contiguous United States.

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Quebec

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TheProvince of Quebec was a colony in North America created by Great Britain afterthe Seven Years' War. Great Britain acquired French Canada by the Treaty ofParis in which (after a long debate) France negotiated to keep the small butvery rich sugar island of Guadeloupe instead.

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SantaFe

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Foundedby Spanish colonists in 1610, is known as the oldest state capital city in theUnited States and the oldest city in New Mexico.

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MexicoCity

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Thecity of Mexico-Tenochtitlan was founded by the Mexica people in 1325. Afterlanding in Veracruz, Spanish explorer Hernán Cortés advanced upon Tenochtitlánwith the aid of many of the other native peoples, arriving there on November 8,1519. Cortés began a siege of Tenochtitlán in May 1521. For three months, thecity suffered from the lack of food and water as well as the spread of smallpoxbrought by the Europeans.[27] Cortés and his allies landed their forces in thesouth of the island and slowly fought their way through the city.[33]Cuauhtémoc surrendered in August 1521.

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Beringia

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Beringiawas basically the exposed floor of the Bering Sea between and around Siberiaand Alaska. The Bering Strait was part of Beringia, and it connected the twoland masses of Siberia and Alaska. Historians theorize that our ancestorscrossed the Bering Strait from Siberia into Alaska during the last Ice Age.

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Mestizos

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Is a termtraditionally used in Spain and Spanish America to mean a person of combinedEuropean and Amerindian descent, or someone who would have been deemed aCastizo (one European parent and one Mestizo parent) regardless if the personwas born in Latin America or elsewhere. The term was used as an ethnic/racialcategory in the casta system that was in use during the Spanish Empire'scontrol of their New World colonies. Mestizos are usually considered to bemixed Spaniards by the crown of Spain.

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Peninsulares

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- In thecolonial caste system of Spanish America and Spanish Philippines, a peninsularwas a Spanish-born Spaniard or mainland Spaniard residing in the New World orthe Spanish East Indies, as opposed to a person of full Spanish descent born inthe Americas or Philippines

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British Conquest

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Britishcolonization of the Americas (including colonization by both the English andthe Scots) began in 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia and reached its peak whencolonies had been established throughout the Americas. The British were amongthe most important colonizers of the Americas, and their American empire cameto rival the Spanish American colonies in military and economic might. In 1838 theDurham Report recommended full responsible government for Canada, but this wasnot fully implemented for another decade. Eventually, with the Confederation ofCanada, the Canadian colonies were granted significant autonomy and became aself-governing Dominion in 1867. Other colonies in the Americas followed at amuch slower pace. In this way, two countries in North America, ten in theCaribbean, and one in South America have received their independence from theUnited Kingdom. All of these are members of the Commonwealth of Nations andnine are Commonwealth realms. The eight remaining British overseas territoriesin the Americas have varying degrees of self-government.

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Spanish Conquest

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TheColonial expansion under the crown of Castile was initiated by the Spanishconquistadores and developed by its administrators and missionaries. Themotivations for colonial expansion were trade and the spread of the Catholicfaith through indigenous conversions.

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French Conquest

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The Frenchcolonization of the Americas began in the 15th century, and continued on intothe following centuries as France established a colonial empire in the WesternHemisphere. France founded colonies in much of eastern North America, on anumber of Caribbean islands, and in South America. Most colonies were developedto export products such as fish, sugar, and furs. As theycolonized the New World, the French established forts and settlements thatwould become such cities as Quebec and Montreal in Canada; Detroit, Green Bay,St. Louis, Cape Girardeau, Mobile, Biloxi, Baton Rouge and New Orleans in theUnited States; and Port-au-Prince, Cap-Haïtien (founded as Cap-Français) inHaiti, Cayenne in French Guiana and São Luís (founded as Saint-Louis deMaragnan) in Brazil.

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LeifEricson and the Vikings "discovery" of America:

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Bornin the 10th century, Norse explorer Leif Eriksson was the second son of Erikthe Red, who is credited with settling Greenland. For his part, Eriksson isconsidered by many to be the first European to reach North America, centuriesahead of Christopher Columbus.

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BlackLegend

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Noclue what this means. Probably somewhere in the chapter. When I think of blacklegend I think of slavery-era black folklore, which is still centuries ahead ofwhere we’re currently at.

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Treatyof Tordesillas

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Signedat Tordesillas on June 7, 1494, and authenticated at Setúbal, Portugal, dividedthe newly discovered lands outside Europe between Portugal and the Crown of Castile,along a meridian 370 leagues[note 1] west of the Cape Verde islands, off thewest coast of Africa. This line of demarcation was about halfway between theCape Verde islands (already Portuguese) and the islands entered by ChristopherColumbus on his first voyage (claimed for Castile and León), named in thetreaty as Cipangu and Antilia (Cuba and Hispaniola).

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Reasons of thedecline in Native American population in 1500s:

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Basic s h i t, likedisease, enslavement, outdated and weaker weapons, less manpower, lessscience/medicinal knowledge available to them, they were done for.