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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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John Locke
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The Social Contract, governor is at the will of the people, power to the people
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Adam Smith
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Father of Economics, the Wealth of Nations
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Deism
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Got created world but is not not involved, promotes rationality, people should work to learn
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Bicameral
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Two houses (upper and lower), in all states, lower part starts to gain control
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Great Awakening
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Evangelical Revival, back to fearing church
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Jonathan Edwards
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Puritan from Massachusetts, In the Hands of God
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John Wesley
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Preacher to convert Indians
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Gilbert Tennent
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Presbyterian from Pennsylvania, known for crazy sermons
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James Davenport
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Connecticut conversationalist, set fire to property at sermons
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Itinerant
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Traveling preachers
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William Cosby
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Put John Zenger in jail, although he was set free because his libel was factual
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Richard Saunders
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Fictional character of Ben Franklin
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Mrs. Silence Dogood
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Ben Franklin's first fictional character, widow that pokes fun at New England ministers
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Gilbert Stuart
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From Rhode Island, traveled to England for studies
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Anne Bradstreet
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First female published poet, Puritan from Massachusetts
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Huron v. Iroquois
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Champlain befriends the Huron early on and aids them in battle, Iroquois forever resentful
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L'etat C'est Moi
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The State, It is I, Louis XIV belief that his order was the order of France
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Pierre Radisson
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Coureur de Bois, went to Quebec, west merged with Indians, explorer
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Rendezvous
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A point of exchange between French and Indians, prominent French/Indian exploration
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Marquette and Joliet
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Jesuit priest and coureur de bois respectively, found Mississippi from Radisson's stories
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What did England control?
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13 colonies
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What did France control?
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New France, Louisiana (not many people, outnumbered)
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What did Spain control?
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Florida, Far West Area
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Henry Longfellow
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"Evangeline" poem, explains English moving the French out of Nova Scotia, Acadian woman forcedly removed
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Cajun
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French people forced to move by the English
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Battle of Bloody Marsh
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St. Simon's Island, during War of Jenkin's Ear, Spanish v. Georgias
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James Fenimore Cooper
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Leather Stocking Tales, main character Natty Bumpo (Hawkeye/Deerslayer), character's family killed and was raised with Indians
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The Ohio Valley
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Given by English to keep from French, George Washington sent to survey, but French already there with Fort Duquesne
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The Grand Council
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Albany Congress, led by Ben Franklin, "Join or Die," 7/13 colonies, colonial parliament suggested, Iroquois invited, British: "too much control!" People: "too little control!"
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Jefferey Amherst
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Biological warfare blankets, captures Montreal and essentially defeats French
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John Forbes
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Rebuilds Fort Duquesne, changes it to Fort Pitt, Pittsburgh
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Treaty of Paris
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1763, French lose North America, Louisiana goes to Spanish, Florida to England
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Pontiac
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Ottawa leader, with the French ally gone, decides to attack English colonies
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Proclamation of 1763
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No more English troops to be sent over, the Indian wars are too expensive
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Right of Englishmen
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Colonists expected a trial by jury, privacy at home, and representation
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American Revenue Act
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1764, Sugar Act to raise money for British debt, replaces expired Molasses Act, lowers taxes but leads to more enforcement and more soldiers in America
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Customs Duty
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A Tariff, no pay if no import (Sugar Act)
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Excise Tax
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Tax on local American items, like a sales tax (Stamp Act)
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Patrick Henry
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'Cesar had his Brutus, Charles had his Cromwell, George III should take notice," protested Stamp Act at House of Burgesses
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Andrew Oliver
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Supposed to issue stamps, was tarred and feathered as Sons of Liberty wrecked his house
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Chancellor of the Exchequer
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Charles Townshend
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Bartering
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Currency Act led to more simply forms of trade
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Writs of Assistance
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Allowed British to search American homes, search warrants
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James Otis
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Spoke out against Writs of Assistance, "a man's home is his castle"
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John Dickinson
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"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania" protests Townshend Acts of 1768
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Gaspee Affair
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1772, Rhode Islanders strike and set fire to a British patrol ship, crew escaped
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Thomas Hutchinson
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Massachusetts loyalist governor, wise in ordering tea ships to stay
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Coercive Acts
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1774, AKA Intolerable Acts directed at Boston: Boston port closed, colonial government stopped, royal officials would be tried in England, New Quartering Act, Quebec Act
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Suffolk Resolve
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1774, Bostonian resolutions in response to coercive acts, leads to First Continental Congress
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First Continental Congress
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Georgia not present, planned to meet again
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Articles of Association
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Economic stress on Britain through extreme nonimportation, nonexportation, and nonconsumption
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Joseph Galloway
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Galloway Plan that colonies should create a council, just barely vetoed by likely loyalists
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Thomas Gage
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British general to enforce Coercive Acts, assault on Lexington to capture ringleaders
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Paul Revere
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Rides to tell ringleaders that the British are coming, Prescott succeeded in the mission
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Hesse-Cassal
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German city that provided Hessians
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Casimir Pulaski
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Polish cavalry officer wounded at Savannah
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Thaddeus Kosciusko
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Tactician, designed US Military Academy at West Point
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Bernado Galvez
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Provided colonists with food
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Lafayette
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When WWI soldiers went to Paris, stated "Lafayette, we are here," buried in Paris but in American soil
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Geoge Bancroft
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Whig idea, American destiny to be free
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Lawrence Gibson
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Revolution from a collision of governments
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J Franklin Jameson
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Progressive idea, Revolution from social class tension
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Edmund Morgan
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Consensus idea, Revolution from self-government impulse
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Second Continental Congress
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July 6th 1775 after Bunker Hill, "Declaration of the causes... of taking up arms"
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Declaration
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Lee --> Jefferson --> Dickinson
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Green Mountain Boys
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Led by Ethan Allen to unify broken peoples, Mont Vert --> Vermont
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Nathan Hale
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Hanged in 1776 for spying on British, 21 year old schoolteacher that tried to help Washington in Long Island Battle
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Robert Morris and Haym Solomon
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From Philadelphia and New York respectively, wealthy people that help to fund colonists
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"White of their eyes"
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William Prescott said at Bunker Hill because ammo was limited, very successful
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Militia
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Hastily made volunteer soldiers, largest colonial force and generally unreliable
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Who was involved in the Second Continental Congress?
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Thomas Jefferson VA, Ben Franklin PA, John Adams MA, Roger Sherman CT, Robert Livingston NY
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Abigail Adams
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Letter to John Adams husband, spoke for women's rights
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"We must hang together
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or we will all hang separately," Ben Franklin quote
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Colonel Rall
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Hessian leader overcome by Washington at Trenton, ignored news of oncoming troops, wanted to meet Washington at death
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Thomas Paine, three important texts
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The American Crisis: American motivation, The Age of Reason: Promoted deism, spoke out against organized religion, The Rights of Man: Promoted French, was jailed because of it
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Plain Truth
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Rebuttal to Common Sense by James Chalmers Maryland loyalist
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Howe's Dogs
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1777 Germantown near Philadelphia where Washington surrenders when Howe's dogs find him in the fog
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Benedict Arnold's Boot
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Arnold kept off Burgoyne at Saratoga, shot in the boot (only the boot is honored today because Arnold is a traitor)
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Conway Cabal
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Thomas Cabal organized that Gates should replace Washington, Gates declares otherwise
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Monmouth
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1778, Molly Pitcher (Mary Hayes) supposedly takes place of wounded cannon firer
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Pierre Beaumarchais
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Secret supplies from France to Americans, created Barbera of Seville composed by Rossini and Marriage of Figaro composed by Mozart
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Camden 1780
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Gates looses in South Carolina after his important victory at Saratoga
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Banaster Tarleton
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British cavalry officer known for ruthlessly killing stragglers, Tarleton's Quarter led to such actions done on both sides
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Major John Andrew
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Arnold's spy that tried to bring plans to the British, Washington troops catch the plans in his boot
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Bonhomme Richard v. Serapis
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1779, Naval battle, John Paul Jones orders close combat, his ship sinks but he wins
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Yorktown
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Cornwallis gives surrender sword to 2nd in command, gives to Rochambeau, who declines, goes to Washington, who declines, gives to 2nd in command
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Newburgh Conspiracy
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1783, unpaid Washington soldiers want to take over nation, Washington's inspirational speech stops it
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John Jay
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First Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
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Vergennes
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French foreign minister, feels Americans broke treaty protocol by agreeing with the British
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