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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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King Philip's War
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the tribal chief Metacom's war on Puritan villages (1675-76) in wich more natives died than English
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indentured servants
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people that voluntarily mortgaged labor for several years (4-7) in exchange for passage to New World and freedom dues
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freedom dues
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ax, hoe, corn, and sometimes land given to indentured servants in exchange for temporary labor
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head-right system
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whoever paid the passage of a laborer received 50 acres of land (benefitted wealthy)
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Bacon's Rebellion
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revolt led by Nathaniel Bacon and followers (landless freemen), burned Jamestown and chased Gov. William Berkeley out of city after he refused to respond to Indian attacks on frontier (w/ many of Bacon's followers lived)
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Roger Williams
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radical Separatist who fled to RI in search for new religious life, crucial in est. of colony
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Anne Hutchinson
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vociferous rebel of Puritan Church outcasted from MA bay for voicing antinomianism
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antinomianism
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Anne Hutchinson's belief that the religious "chosen elite" could ignore the law of God and man
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John Winthrop
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first governor of MA Bay, helped colony to thrive
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Navigation Acts/Laws
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(1651+) series of English laws passed to regulate colonial shipping - only trade w/ England, all exports must pass through England
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Middle Passage
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brutal trip in which slaves were captured off the west coast of Africa and brought to N.A.
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Great Awakening
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religious reviival (1730s-40s) in which evangelical doomsayings were used to create a new style of preaching
may have been crucial in creating colonial unity (broke down sectional lines) |
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Jonathon Edwards
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pastor that began Great Awakening in Northampton, MA by preaching frightening imagery of hell
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George Whitefield
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inspired crowds of people through emotionalism with his booming voice
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Proclamation of 1763
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British forbid colonial western settlement beyond Appalachians to solve Indian issues
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Sugar Act of 1764
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first law ever passed by Prime Minister to raise tax revenues in colonies(on sugar) - affected everyday colonists
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Stamp Act Congress (1765)
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brought together in NYC, 27 delegates from 9 colonies that drew up grievances, asking king to repeal stamp tax - not successful, but created colonial unity
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Sons and Daughters of Liberty
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radical protesters often associated with violence (tar and feather, ransacking houses, effigies)
-enforced nonimportation agreements (homespun) |
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Boston Massacre (1770)
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11 Americans were wounded/killed by redcoats, who were instigated by a group of 60 townspeople throwing snowballs
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Townshend Acts (1767)
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new regulations: light tax on glass, white lead, paper, paint, tea, which colonists opposed (no taxation w/o representation)
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Massachusetts Bay Colony
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est. by Puritans (John Winthrop), a royal colony in the MA area for non-Separatist Puritans
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salutary neglect
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the time period when Britain was more lenient in restrictions (Navigation Laws were less enforced) - colonies governed themselves
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Quartering Act of 1765
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required certain colonies to provide food/shelter for British troops
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Whigs (radical)
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group of British political commentators that attacked corruption and warned colonists to be on guard a/g attempts to destroy liberties (widely read by colonists)
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Mayflower Compact
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created by Pilgrim leaders, an agreement to the formation of simple gov't and majority power
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Virginia House of Burgessess
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rep. assembly formed in VA in early colonial period
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Declaratory Act (1766)
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gave British a clear, absolute, unchecked power over colonies if need be - colonists wanted own sovereignty
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French and Indian War (1754)
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sparked Seven Years' War in EU, became a global war focused on the British and French clash over North American land
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Albany Plan of Union
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drawn up by Benjamin Franklin at Albany Congress (1754), an early design to centralize colonies under one government (for defense, etc.) - was unsuccessful
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joint-stock company
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short-term partnership b/w pool of investors to fund England's colonial ventures
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Jamestown
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first permanent English settlement in N.A. founded by Virginia Co.
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royal colonies
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colonies in which governor was appointed directly by king (gov. sometimes ass. w/ corruption)
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Separatists
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righteous Puritans who broke away from Church to *separate* themselves from the "damned"
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proprietary colonies
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colonies (MA, PA, DE) under control of local proprietors that appointed governors
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Act of Toleration (1649)
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in MA, guaranteed tolerance to all Christians, but death penalty to Jews, atheists, etc. - attracted Catholics
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Half-Way Covenant (1662)
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agreement allowing unconverted offspring of church members to baptize children - method to attract more members b/c of decreasing religiousness
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Dominion of New England (1686-1689)
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the British-established association of New England (later NY and East/West NJ) to increase defense and Navigation Laws productivity led by Edmund Andros
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Glorious (or Bloodless) Revolution
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overthrowing of Catholic James II and est. of Protestant William III in England - inspired Am. to overthrow Sir Edmund Andros
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Pennsylvania
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proprietary colony est. by William Penn as a haven mainly for Quakers (religious freedom for all)
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New Hampshire
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royal colony, Charles II separated a few settlements from MA bay for more control in NH region
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New Jersey
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given to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret by Duke of York - E and W NJ (proprietary), monarchy later combined into NJ (royal)
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Delaware
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proprietary colony, William Penn est. DE in giving lower 3 counties of PA their own assembly
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New York
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royal colony granted to Duke of York by king, land was commandeered by Dutch and renamed New York - mainly Anglican, Dutch/English settlers
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Rhode Island
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corporate colony, Roger Williams (Puritan minister) banished from MA Bay fled to Providence
Anne Hutchinson fled to Portsmouth 1644 - charter for RI from Parliament (religious freedom) |
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Georgia
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proprietary colony, England claimed land for defense a/g Spanish FL - England sent debtors, prisoners to GA
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The Carolinas
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royal colony, King Charles II gave region to 8 nobles (proprietors) - Anglican
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New England Confederation (1643)
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short-term alliance of MA, Plymouth, CT, New Haven for defense a/g Indians
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mercantilism
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economic theory that Britain used to justify est. of colonies - they served to make motherland richer/stronger
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triangle trade
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exchange of rum, slaves, molasses b/w colonies, Africa, West Indies - profitable trade
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Virginia
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royal colony, James I revoked charter of Jamestown for poor decisions, renamed VA - Anglicans, tobacco farms
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rice plantations
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enormous farms of rice notable in SC and other Southern colonies - places of most slave labor
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tobacco farms
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notable in Chesapeake, farms grew tobacco (cash crop in colonies) - w/ high supply for England=low price
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restoration colonies
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colonies est. by land grants from Charles II
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Chesapeake colonies
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VA and Maryland w/ economy dependent on sea (fish, shipping) and cash crop tobacco
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corporate colonies
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colonies est. by a joint-stock company
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Virginia Company
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joint-stock companies that settled Jamestown
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John Rolfe
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husband of Pocahontas, first tobacco farmer, an influential English settler in VA
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Plymouth Colony
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colony est. by Separatists (Pilgrims) before being integrated into MA
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Quakers
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people believing in peace, outcasted by most Christian sects, many settled in PA
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Benjamin Franklin
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important colonial leader, writer, scientist, advocate
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John Peter Zenger
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charged with libel a/g corruption of NY governor - case found Zenger innocent, est. early freedom of press and promoting democracy (open discussion)
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King George III
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king during American Revolution, tried to keep Britain at war with colonies
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Samuel Adams
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radical Son of Liberty important in revolutionary movement and republicanism
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writs of assistance
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British statements that called upon officials to assist customs officials in searching for smuggled goods
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committees of correspondence (1722)
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organized first by Sam Adams in MA (spread to other colonies), spread spirit of resistance/opposition to British by exchanging letters
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Tea Act
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Britain gave British E. India Co. complete monopoly over tea trade; despite lower prices, Americans opposed extra tax
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Boston Tea Party
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rowdy protest a/g British E India Co. new monopoly on tea trade in which colonists disguised as Indians dumped over 300 chests of tea into Boston Harbor
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Intolerable Acts/Coercive Acts
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passed b/c of Tea Party, a series of strict Parliamentary laws that closed Boston port, revoked MA rights, and expanded Quartering Act - led to 1st Cont. Congress and complete British goods boycott
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