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65 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
PLYMOUTH COLONY
an English colonial venture in North America from 1620 - 1691.
MAYFLOWER COMPACT 1620
the first governing document of Plymouth Colony.
HEADRIGHT SYSTEM
used in Jamestown, Virginia, starting in as an attempt to solve labor shortages due to the advent of the tobacco economy, which required large plots of land with many workers.
FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF CONNECTICUT 1639
describe the government set up by the Connecticut River towns, setting its structure and powers.
MERCANTILISM
an economic theory that holds that the prosperity of a nation is dependent upon its supply of capital, and that the global volume of international trade is "unchangeable."
TRIANGULAR TRADE
a historical term indicating trade among three ports or regions. The trade evolved where a region had an export commodity that was required in the region from which its major imports came.
THE GREAT AWAKENING
several periods of rapid and dramatic religious revival in Anglo-American religious history, generally recognized as beginning in the 1730s.
IRON ACT 1750
one of the legislative measures introduced by the British Parliament, seeking to restrict manufacturing activities in British colonies, particularly in north America, and encourage manufacture to take place in Great Britain.
INDENTURED SERVANTS
a form of debt bondage worker.
GEORGE WASHINGTON
was the commander of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) and served as the first President of the United States of America (1789–1797).
PROCLAMATION OF 1763
The purpose of the proclamation was to organize Great Britain's new North American empire and to stabilize relations with Native North Americans through regulation of trade, settlement, and land purchases on the western frontier.
SALUTARY NEGLECT
an undocumented, though long standing, British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws, which were meant to keep the American colonies obedient to Great Britain.
STAMP ACT 1765
a tax imposed by the British Parliament on the colonies of British America.
STAMP ACT CONGRESS
a meeting in the building that would become Federal Hall in New York City on October 19th, 1765 consisting of delegates from 9 of the 13 colonies that discussed and acted upon the recently passed Stamp Act.
SONS OF LIBERTY
a secret organization of American patriots which originated in the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolution. British authorities and their supporters, known as Loyalists, considered the Sons of Liberty as seditious rebels, referring to them as "Sons of Violence" and "Sons of Iniquity."
COMMITTEES OF CORRESPONDENCE
bodies organized by the local governments of the Thirteen Colonies before the American Revolution for the purposes of coordinating written communication outside of the colony.
BOSTON MASSACRE
an incident that led to the deaths of five civilians at the hands of British troops on March 5, 1770, the legal aftermath of which helped spark the rebellion in some of the British colonies in America, which culminated in the American Revolution.
INTOLERABLE (COERCIVE) ACTS 1774
names used to describe a series of laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 relating to Britain's colonies in North America.
SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS 1775
a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that met beginning in May 10, 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, soon after shooting in the American Revolutionary War had begun.
NORTHWEST ORDINANCE
an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States.
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
an assertion of the independence of an aspiring state or states.
COMMON SENSE
use the phrase to refer to beliefs or propositions that — in their opinion — most people would consider prudent and of sound judgment, without reliance on esoteric knowledge or study or research, but based upon what they see as knowledge held by people "in common".
SHAYS REBELLION
an armed uprising in central and western Massachusetts (mainly Springfield) from 1786 to 1787.
IMPLIED POWERS (ELASTIC CLAUSE)
those powers authorized by a legal document which, while not stated, are deemed to be implied by powers expressly stated.
GREAT COMPROMISE
an agreement between large and small states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution.
JAMESTOWN
In December 1606, the Virginia Company of London sent an expedition to establish a settlement in the Virginia Colony, which became Jamestown.
JOHN SMITH
Admiral of New England was an English soldier, sailor, and author. He is remembered for his role in establishing the first permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown, Virginia, and his brief association with the Native American girl Pocahontas during an altercation with the Powhatan Confederacy and her father, Chief Powhatan.
BACON'S REBELLION
an uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon, a wealthy planter.
MASSACHUSETTS BAY COMPANY
an English settlement on the east coast of North America in the 17th century, in New England, centered around the present-day cities of Salem and Boston.
ROGER WILLIAMS
an English theologian, a notable proponent of religious toleration and the separation of church and state and an advocate for fair dealings with Native Americans.
ANNE HUTCHINSON
a pioneer settler in Massachusetts, Rhode Island and New Netherlands, and the unauthorized minister of a dissident church discussion group. Hutchinson held Bible meetings for women that soon had great appeal to men as well. Eventually, she went beyond Bible study to proclaim her own theological interpretations of sermons, some of which offended the colony leadership.
Declaratory act
an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain in 1766, during America's colonial period, one of a series of resolutions passed attempting to regulate the behavior of the colonies.
Quartering Act
were used by the British forces in the American colonies to ensure that British troops had adequate housing and provisions.
Townshend Act
a series of acts passed beginning in 1767 by the Parliament of Great Britain relating to the British colonies in North America. The acts are named for Charles Townshend, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, who proposed the program.
Tea Act
an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain passed on May 10, 1773.
Boston Tea Party
a direct action protest by colonists in Boston, a town in the British colony of Massachusetts, against the British government.
Coercive Acts
The Intolerable Acts or the Coercive Acts are names used to describe a series of laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 relating to Britain's colonies in North America.
Mutiny Act
an act passed yearly by Parliament for governing the British Army. It was originally passed in 1689 in response to the mutiny of a large portion of the army which stayed loyal to the Stuarts upon William III taking the crown of England.
Samuel Adams
a statesman, political philosopher, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. As a politician in colonial Massachusetts, Adams was a leader of the movement that became the American Revolution, and was one of the architects of the principles of American republicanism that shaped the political culture of the United States. He was a second cousin to John Adams.
King William’s War
Who: England, France, American Indian allies
What:first of French and Indian Wars
When:1689–97
Where: colonies of Canada, Acadia, and New England
Significance:Led to the Treaty of Ryswick in 1697, ended the war between the 2 colonial powers
Queen Anne’s War
Who:France and England
What:second series of four French and Indian Wars
When:1702-13
Where:North America
Significance:Britain gains Acadia(named Nova Scotia), island of Newfoundland, Hudson Bay region, and Caribbean islan of St. Kitts.France was required to recognize British suzerainty over the Iroquios, and commerce with the far Indians would be open to all nations. The French did not comply with the commerce provision, however, as they attempted to prevent British trade with the far Indians and erected Fort Niagra in Iroquois territory
Peace of Utrecht
Who:Louis XIV(FRANCE) and Philip V(SPAIN)
What:a series of individual peace treaties
When:
Where: signed in the Dutch city of Utrecht in March and April 1713
Significance: Helped end War of the Spanish Succession, France and Great Britain negotiation quickened, main treaties finally signed on April11, 1713
War of Jenkin’s Ear
Who: Great Britain and Spain
What:A war between Britain and Spain
When:
Where:Europe
Significance:war merged into the larger War of the Austrian Succession, involving most powers in Europe
Paxton Boys
Who: a vigilante group of colonists
What:Murdered at least 20 Native Americans
When:
Where:from central Pennsylvania
Significance:Paxton Boys revealed tensions between the established societies of the Atlantic coast and the western frontier of white settlement
Grenville’s Program
Who:George Grenville
What:a 4 part act(s) to let the colonies know who's in charge
When:
Where:Colonies
Significance: really angered the colonists
Patrick Henry
Who:Patrick Henry
What:Served as the first post-colonial Governor of Virginia
When:
Where:Virginia
Significance:known and remembered for his speech "Give me Liberty, or give me Death!", one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, most influential,radical,advocates of American Revolution and republicanism, and defense of historic rights
SONS OF LIBERTY
Who:Sons of Liberty
What:a secret organization of American patriots which originated in the 13 Colonies during the American Revolution
When:
Where: America
Significance:Patriots attacked symbols of British authority and power
Daughters of Liberty
Who:Daughters of Liberty
What:a successful colonial American group that consisted of women who displayed patriotism by participating in boycotts of British goods
When:
Where:America
Significance:Daughters of Liberty continued to support American resistance while Patriots supported non-important movements, they helped influence a decision made by Continental Congress to boycott all British goods, help end Stamp Act
Crispus Attucks
Who:important inspirational figure in American history
What:one of the five people killed in the Boston Massacre
When:
Where:Boston, Massachusetts
Significance:an example of a black American who played a heroic role in the history of the United States, his story holds special significance for many Native Americans, since he may also have had Wampanoag ancestors
John Adams
Who:American politician and 2nd president the the United States (most influential of the founding fathers)
What:was the second president of the US, and made peaceful resolutions with France
When:
Where:Massachusetts
Significance:Persuaded Congress to make the Declaration of Independence
Carolina Regulators
Who:uprisers from the War of the Regulators
What:took up arms against corrupt colonial officials
When:
Where:America
Significance:they wanted to form an honest government and reduce taxation
Battle of the Alamance
Who:Governor William Tryon
What:Ended the War of Regulation
When:
Where:present-day Burlington, North Carolina
Significance:Opening of the American Revolution
FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, 1774
Who:Nathaniel Folsom, John Sullivan, John Adams, Samuel Adams, Thomas Cushing, Robert Treat Paine, Stephen Hopkins, Samuel Ward, Silas Deane, Eliphalet Dyer, Roger Sherman, James Duane, John Jay, Philip Livingston, Isaac Low, Simon Boerum, John Haring, Henry Wisner, William Floyd, John Alsop, Stephen Crane, John De Hart, James Kinsey, William Livingston, Richard Smith, Edward Biddle, John Dickinson, Joseph Galloway, Charles Humphreys, Thomas Mifflin, John Morton, Samuel Rhoads, George Ross, Thomas McKean, George Read Delaware, Caesar Rodney, Samuel Chase, Robert Goldsborough, Thomas Johnson, William Paca, Matthew Tilghman, Richard Bland, Benjamin Harrison, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, Edmund Pendleton, Peyton Randolph, George Washington, Richard Caswell, Joseph Hewes, William Hooper, Christopher Gadsden , Thomas Lynch, Jr., Henry Middleton, Edward Rutledge, John Rutledge
What:a convention of delegates from twelve of the thirteen British North American colonies that met on September 5, 1774
When:
Where:Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia Pennsylvania
Significance:it made a compact among the colonies to boycott British goods beginning on 1 December 1774, and it provided for a Second Continental Congress to meet on 10 May 1775
Suffolk Resolves
Who:leaders of Suffolk County, Massachusetts
What:a declaration made on September 9, 1774
When:
Where:Suffolk County, Massachusetts
Significance:a major development in colonial animosity leading to adoption of the United States Declaration of Independence
Galloway Plan
Who:Joseph Galloway
What:the creation of an American Colonial Parliament to act together with the Parliament of Great Britain
When:
Where:First Continental Congress
Significance:it was not accepted by Congress
LEXINGTON AND CONCORD, APRIL 19, 1775
Who:Militia and British troops
What:militia fought British off Lexington and Concord
When:
Where:Lexington and Concord
Significance:American Revolutionary War had begun
Paul Revere, William Dawes
Who:Revere(famous silversmith), Dawes(Revere's accomplice in the famous ride
What:Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Samuel Prescott rode together, under the direction of Dr. Joseph Warren, to warn Samuel Adams and John Hancock about the approaching British.
When:
Where:America
Significance: Due to these men that our militia was ready for the British troops, when they marched into Lexington and on to Concord.
SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
Who:convention of delegates from the 13 Colonies
What:Second Congress managed the colonial war effort, and moved slowly towards independence, adopting the United States Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776.
When:
Where:America
Significance:With the ratification of the Articles of Confederation in 1781, the Congress became known as the Congress of the Confederation.
Slavery clause in the Declaration of Independence
Who:Writer of the Declaration of Independence
What:writers wanted all the southern states to support Declaration of Independence
When:
Where:America
Significance:If they included that section, America might not even be a country right now, because only the north would have agreed to sign.
Somerset Case (in Great Britain)
Who:James Somersett
What:a famous judgement of the English Court of King's Bench in 1772
When:
Where:England
Significance:While Somersett's case provided a significant boon to the abolitionist movement, and effectively ended the holding of slaves within England itself, serfdom having died out there centuries before, it did not end British participation in the slave trade or slavery in other parts of the British Empire.
Quock Walker case- Mass
Who:Quock Wlaker
What:American slave who sued for and won his freedomin 1780
When:
Where:Massachusetts
Significance:The case is credited with abolishing slavery although the 1780 constitution was never amended to prohibit it.
Benedict Arnold
Who:a general during the American Revolutionary War who originally fought for the American Continental Army but switched sides to the British Empire
What:He betrayed Americans fearing that they would lose, went to help the British with lots of information about the American resistance
When:
Where:America
Significance:Was a good general on both sides
Continental Army
Who:an army formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War
What:The army was created to coordinate the military efforts of the Thirteen Colonies in their struggle against the rule of Great Britain
When:
Where:America
Significance:after Treaty of Paris ended the war they disbanded, remaining units possibly formed the nucleus of what was to become the United States Army.
Native Americans in the Revolutionary War
Who:Indigenous peoples of North America
What:Were either a bother or helped out sides
When:
Where:North America
Significance:Helped on all sides, used for alliance
Black Americans in the Revolutionary War
Who:African Americans
What:Many sided with the Patriot cause during the Revolutionary
When:
Where:America
Significance:They had fought side by side with their white counterparts at the battles of Lexington, Concord and Bunker Hill, Colonel Tye was perhaps the best-known of the Loyalist black soldiers