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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What caused nativism?
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Skilled laborers that immigrated would work for lower wages (concerned unions).
Racism towards social customs of immigrants. Many Chinese and Italians only came so they could return home with money (lots of single men). |
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Elements that changed cities?
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influx of immigrants (1880 to 1920) the new immigrants from southern and eastern Europe (italians, poles, russians). Old immigrants (german and irish) still coming. Old immigrants began to persecute new immigrants.
Nativism- anti- immigrant/ anti communism- different definition of white. |
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• “pull vs. push factors”
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pull factors attracted immigrants to america, push factors pushed them out of their own country
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• “old vs. new immigrants”
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old immigrants were from northern and western Europe and new immigrants were italians, slavs, greeks, and Jews from southern and easter and armenians and Japanese.
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• Slum
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tenement housing where landlords would subdivide old buildings and pack in as many people as possible. - obviously tons of disease and stuff
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ghetto
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racial slums-- tenants can't buy anywhere else due to predjudice and real estate covenants
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• Real estate covenant
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agreements not to rent or sell to blacks- kept blacks in the slums.
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new suburbia
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for the rich-- right outside of the city
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• Trolley car
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allowed people to move to the suburbs
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• Victorian morality
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widened the present social gap- emphasized morals, manners, and proper behavior... They believed that they were successful because of superior talent, intelligent, and morality. The idea of a separate sphere for women was also involved in this
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• Catherin Beecher, The American Woman’s Home
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popular book about good manners including dinner manners
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• Cult of domesticity
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stressed separate spheres and the home as a place where women used their maternal gifs. this satisfied some women because they dedicated time and energy and it served as a refuge for them. others felt they only followed it to live up to the popular ideal
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• Department Stores
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designed to look like palaces so that middle and upper class customers felt of high social standing and psychological well being while shopping. They functioned as a sort of social club.
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• Rowland H. Macy
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founder of the first department store
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• Football
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seen as a frontier experience in urban society. College football was especially popular
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• Andrew D. White
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disgusted with the hygiene medical officials used in the civil war, changed the american standards for medicine.
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• The “boss” and the “machine”
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bosses were people who had been in the city a long time and made connections within (fire department politics ect). They helped to provide jobs, fnd homes, and negotiate rent for new immigrantes that enter the city. They were able to donate millions of dollars but also pocketed money or gave out too much. They ooked after the urban workers and lobbied for their causes in government. Sometimes they would ask people to perform seedy tasks in order to keep a party or faction in office, or give tax breaks, insider information, and patronage positions. The machine was an organization that tried to keep a party or faction in office. This caused a lot of corruption.
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• Tammany Hall and Boss Tweed
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tweed gave money to the poor but was also stole tons of money from the city
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• Thomas Nast
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political cartoon of boss picking apart the city as a vulture in HARPERS WEEKLY.
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• Jacob Riis
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reformer focused on moral improvement for the urban poor through self discipline and self control-- same belief of the first generation of reformers
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• Children’s Aid Society
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1853- society where chilred lived in dormitories to learn practical skills and help orphans find homes-- alternative to the slums
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• YMCA
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housing and wholesome recreation for country boys in the city 1851
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• Charity Organization Society
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divided the areas up into districts and had files on everyone who received aid. They counseled families on improving themselves without bringing religion into it. They tried to control the poor too much.
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• Charles Parkhurst
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Presbyterian minister who blamed the Tammany hall and NYPD for the lack of moral purity. Organized City Vigilance League.
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• Social Gospel
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Walter Rauschenbusch was the leader of this campaign that said that you should take morals and values that you've used for yourself/your fam and extend it into the urban environment to help the poor-- start by uniting all churches and reorganizing the system of industry. This was started by Protestant ministers who came together to solve the problems of the poor under the belief that christianity commits men and women to fight social injustice. They believed poverty was the fault of the rich and the poor. MORE MIDDLE CLASS THAN VIC MOR, but still mostly upper class
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• Settlement House Movement
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The settlement house movement was lead by Jane Addams who created the Hull house as a social center for immigrants where there were plays, art projects, daycare, classes, and more. They pressured politicians to enforce sanitations and Addams even served as a garbage inspector. This sprouted a ton of other settlement houses to grow. Some immigrants disliked the houses because they gave the immigrants no say and didn’t respect their leaders-- mostly for women. this shows the progressive era starting at a municipal level.
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• Florence Kelley
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worked at hull house and then became chef factory ispector- hull house was a supportive sisterhood that helped her develop important skills.
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• Saloon
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places were able to gather in groups. They were centers of immigrant activity and politics because saloonkeepers were often ward bosses. These places enforced group identity but were usually just for men.
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• Boxing
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became popular for working class men because it gave them a sense of authority. Professional boxing arose passionate devotion from working class. They followed popular boxers.
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• Baseball
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Bars would report the scores on a board because workers so avidly followed the teams.
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• Vaudeville
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style of comical show that poked fun at the middle class used blackfaces-- was a psychological escape. theories: it fueled racism OR it was just carried over from minstrels and was just poking fun at the middle class
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• Amusement Park
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parks offered a physical escape by offering fun for whole families for entire days-- for women more
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• Dance hall
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popular for women--- had their own type of dance different than the upper class
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• Ragtime
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music was derived from spirituals and was a lively type of music. It was generally associated with blacks as well as with sex and love. This (and vaudeville) enforced racism.
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• Genteel culture
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The genteel movement intended to create an artistic culture free from sexual allusions, slang, sacrilegious references, and sad endings. They thought that this would create a better quality writing and a more insightful culture
godkin was editor of the nation who believed that there needed to be higher standards for literature and fine arts. wilde was an art critic who started the “aesthetic movement” to bring art into every part of life. |
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example of someone against the genteel culture?
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was against the genteel culture and wanted a mass market audience- media personality who traveled and was widely popular. HuckFin
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• Thorstein Veblen
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- Economist who criticized the elite as those who profited without working and spent frivolously "conspicuous consumption. (The theory of the leisure class 1899)-
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• Theodore Dreiser
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- didn’t have a flamboyant personality or selling techniques like Twain but cranked out articles and had a similar childhood to Twain and also wrote about the impact of he social changes in Sister Carrie where a woman shows independence trying to earn money.
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• WEB DuBois
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sociologist documented hardships faced by blacks in Phily. he was harvard educated and grew up with a weight family but tough blacks should be given immediate equality
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• Frank Lloyd Wright
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started making new schoolhouses that were spacious instead of bulky victorian ones-- "modernism"
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• Winslow Homer
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painted grim images during the civil war about nature (seascapes)
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• Frances Willard
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WCTU
believed women were compassionate and nurturing by nature-- devoted herself to temprence-- WCTU was the first mass organization of women and gained them experience as lobbyists, organizers, lecturers-- undercut seperate spheres |
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• Higher education and the bicycle
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education allowed women to learn strategies to gain power through sports and other organizations and gaining knowledge. The bicycle went against the idea that women shouldn’t sweat.
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• Kate Chopin
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wrotel “The Awakening” in 1899 where the main character pushes normal social standards when she takes her own life because her new man doesn’t respect women.
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- who wanted more kids in school so he created a philosophy of order to make the schools stricter. who attacked the new system saying it was too prisonlike.
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• William Torrey Harris and Joseph Mayer Rice
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