Apush 13 Part 1

Front 1

San Francisco Conference

Back 1

A meeting of world nations to establish a international organization for collective security which later would become the United Nations. The conference established committees; General Assembly, Economic and Social Council, the International Court of Justice, Trusteeship Council, and the Secretariat.

Front 2

satellites

Back 2

The countries surrounding the Soviet Union created a buffer zone between itself and the rest of Europe. These were nations conquered by the Soviet Union during the counteroffensive attack of the Soviets against the Germans during WWII.

Front 3

CONTAINMENT

Back 3

This idea is embodied in the "The Sources of Soviet Conduct" in the magazine Foreign Affairs advising a policy of restricting Soviet expansion to protect western institutions. This theory was accepted by the U.S. government and seen though out the cold war as the primary goal of our foreign policy.

Front 4

TRUMAN DOCTRINE

Back 4

The president announced that the United States would assist free people resisting "armed minorities or...outside pressure." Meant as an offer for aid against communism the Truman Doctrine established the United States as a global policeman, a title proved by US actions in the UN, Vietnam, Korea and Egypt. This became a major portion of Cold War ideology, a feeling of personal responsibility for the containment of communism.

Front 5

MARSHALL PLAN

Back 5

Truman's secretary of state proposed massive economic aid to Greece and Turkey on Feb. 27, 1947. This was expanded to mass economic aid, over 12 billion dollars to the nations of Europe for recovery from WWII. Aid was rejected by communist nations. This also hoped to minimize suffering to be exploited by communist nations.

Front 6

BERLIN BLOCKADE

Back 6

On March 20, 1948 the Soviet withdrew representation from the Allied Control Council and refused to allow US, British, and France to gain access to Berlin. June 24, the Western Powers began Berlin Airlift to supply residents of Berlin. After 321 days in 1949 Russia agreed to end blockade if the Council of Foreign Ministers would agree to discuss Berlin. The airlift provided food and supplies to the blockaded people and intensified antagonism against Stalin

Front 7

NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION (NATO):

Back 7

Following the Vanderberg Resolutions on April 4, on October 1948, Denmark, Italy, Norway, and Portland joined the Canadian-US negotiations for mutual defense and mutual aid. The organization considered an attack against one member of the alliance, an attack on all.

Front 8

Warsaw Pact

Back 8

Treaty unifying communist nations of Europe signed May 1955 by: Russia, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia. East Germany. Hungary, Poland, and Romania after the signing of the NATO treaty in 1949. Communist China dedicated support but did not sign the treaty.

Front 9

NSC-68

Back 9

In the 1950's President Truman called for a top secret investigation from the CIA to review national defense policy. This called for a massive military buildup and increase in defense spending through raising of taxes in fear of Soviet aggressive intentions and military strength. This became of major importance throughout the Cold War as it spoke of the need to remain a step ahead of the Soviet Union to protect its own security.

Front 10

Chiang Kai-shek

Back 10

He was the Nationalist leader in China whom the United States supported during the Chinese civil wars. After losing major cities, the Nationalist government moved their headquarters to the Island of Formosa. He was opposed by the communist leader Mao Tse-tung who opposed US involvement in the war.

Front 11

G.I. Bill of Rights

Back 11

Congress enacted the bill to provide living allowances, tuition fees, supplies, medical treatment, and loans for homes and businesses. It was accepted June, 1944 and helped to stimulate economic growth and the accumulation of wartime profits, new factories and equipment.

Front 12

Taft-Hartley Act

Back 12

Congress modified the Wagner Act in 1947 to outlaw the practices of delaying a strike, closed shop, and permitting the president to call an eighty-day cooling period. Because it proved detrimental to certain unions, Truman vetoed the measure, although Congress overrode it.

Front 13

1948 election

Back 13

Truman ran against Dewey, a republican devoted to National unity and Strom Thurmond, who represented the Dixiecrats. representing states rights. Truman wins with 24 million votes and the platform of the some of the New Deal and bipartisan foreign policy.

Front 14

Dixiecrats

Back 14

They helped Truman win by showing how the communists in the Wallace campaign forced liberals back into the mainstream Democratic Party. Strom Thurmond was able to collect 1.2 million votes and ran under the Democratic party symbol.

Front 15

FAIR DEAL

Back 15

Truman proposed a social and economic program during his State of the Union message in 1949. It enlarged the New Deal by adding housing, conservation, economic security, health insurance, federal aid to education, agricultural subsidies, increased the minimum wage, expanded social securities, flood control, slum clearance, expanded public power, reclamation, soil conservation, building of low income housing units.