Apusg Key Court Cases

Front 1

Marbury V. Madison

Back 1

Established judicial review; "midnight judges"; John Marshall; power of the Supreme Court

Front 2

McColloch v. Maryland (1819)

Back 2

Established national supremacy; established implied powers; use of elastic clause; state unable to tax fed. institution; John Marshall; "the power to tax involves the power to destroy."

Front 3

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Back 3

Established separate but equal

Front 4

Schenck v. US (1919)

Back 4

Oliver Wendell Holmes; clear and present danger test; shouting "fire" in a crowded theater; limits on speech, esp. in wartime

Front 5

Gitlow v. New York (1925)

Back 5

Established precedent of federalizing Bill of Rights (applying them to the states); states cannot deny freedom of speech--protected through due process clause of Amendment 14

Front 6

Palko v. Connecticut (1937)

Back 6

Provided test for determining which parts of Bill of Rights should be federalized--those which are implicitly or explicitly necessary for liberty to exist

Front 7

Brown v. Board, 1st (1954)

Back 7

School segregation unconstitutional; segregation psychologically damaging to blacks; overturned separate but equal; use of 14th Amendment; judicial activism of Warren Court; unanimous decision

Front 8

Brown v. Board, 2nd (1955)

Back 8

Ordered schools to desegregate "with all due and deliberate speed"

Front 9

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

Back 9

Established exclusionary rule; illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court; Warren Court;s judicial activism

Front 10

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

Back 10

Prohibited state-sponsored recitation of prayer in public schools by vitrue of Amendment 1's establishment clause and the 14th Amendment;s due process clause; Warren Court;s judicial activism

Front 11

Baker v. Carr (1962)

Back 11

"One man, one vote"; Ordered state legislative districts to be as near equal as possible in population; Warren Court's political judicial activism

Front 12

Abbington v. Schempp (1963)

Back 12

Prohibited devotional Bible reading in public schools by virtue of establishment clause and due process clause. Warren Court's judicial activism.

Front 13

Gideon v. Wainright (!963)

Back 13

Ordered states to provide lawyers for those unable to afford them in criminal proceedings. Warren Court's judicial activism in criminal rights

Front 14

Wesberry v. Sanders (1963)

Back 14

Ordered House districts to be as near equal in population as possible

Front 15

Griswald v. Connecticut (1965)

Back 15

Established right of provacy through 4th and 9th Amdnements. SEt a precedent for roe v. Wade

Front 16

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Back 16

Established Miranda warnings of counsel and silence. Must be given before questioning. Warren Court's judicial activism in criminal rights.

Front 17

Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)

Back 17

Allowed states to provide textbooks and busing to students attending private religious schools. Established 3-part test to determine if establishment clause is violated: nonsecular purpose, advances/inhibits religion, excessive entanglement with government.

Front 18

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Back 18

Established national abortion guidelines; trimester guidelines" no state interference in 1st, state may regulate to protect health of mother in 2nd, state may regulate to protect health of unborn child in 3rd. Inferred from right of privacy established in Griswald v. Conn.

Front 19

US v. Nixon (1974)

Back 19

Allowed for executive privilege, but not in criminal cases; "Even the President is not above the law", Watergate

Front 20

Buckley v. Valeo (1976)

Back 20

1st Amendment protects campaign spending; legislatures can limit contributions, but not how much one spends of his own money on campaigns

Front 21

U.C. Regents v. Bakke (1978)

Back 21

Alan Bakke and UC DAvis Medical School; strict quotas unconstitutional, but states may allow race to be taken into account as ONE factor in admissions decisions. Bakke admitted.

Front 22

Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1987)

Back 22

More leeway for states in regulating abortion, though no overturning of Roe v. Wade

Front 23

Texas v. Johnson (1989)

Back 23

Struck down Texas law that banned flag burning, which is a protected form of symbolic speech

Front 24

Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)

Back 24

States can regulate abortion, but not with regulations that impose "undue burden" upon women; did not overturn Roe v. Wade, but gave states more leeway in regulating abortion (e.g., 24-hour waiting period, parental consent for minors)

Front 25

Shaw v. Reno (1993)

Back 25

No racial gerrymandering; race cannot be the sole or predominant factor in redrawing legislative boundaries; majority-minority districts

Front 26

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Back 26

Established Miranda warnings of counsel and silence. Must be given before questioning. Warren Court's judicial activism in criminal rights.

Front 27

Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)

Back 27

Allowed states to provide textbooks and busing to students attending private religious schools. Established 3-part test to determine if establishment clause is violated: nonsecular purpose, advances/inhibits religion, excessive entanglement with government.

Front 28

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Back 28

Established national abortion guidelines; trimester guidelines" no state interference in 1st, state may regulate to protect health of mother in 2nd, state may regulate to protect health of unborn child in 3rd. Inferred from right of privacy established in Griswald v. Conn.

Front 29

US v. Nixon (1974)

Back 29

Allowed for executive privilege, but not in criminal cases; "Even the President is not above the law", Watergate

Front 30

Buckley v. Valeo (1976)

Back 30

1st Amendment protects campaign spending; legislatures can limit contributions, but not how much one spends of his own money on campaigns

Front 31

U.C. Regents v. Bakke (1978)

Back 31

Alan Bakke and UC DAvis Medical School; strict quotas unconstitutional, but states may allow race to be taken into account as ONE factor in admissions decisions. Bakke admitted.

Front 32

Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1987)

Back 32

More leeway for states in regulating abortion, though no overturning of Roe v. Wade

Front 33

Texas v. Johnson (1989)

Back 33

Struck down Texas law that banned flag burning, which is a protected form of symbolic speecy

Front 34

Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)

Back 34

States can regulate abortion, but not with regulations that impose "undue burden" upon women; did not overturn Roe v. Wade, but gave states more leeway in regulating abortion (e.g., 24-hour waiting period, parental consent for minors)

Front 35

Shaw v. Reno (1993)

Back 35

No racial gerrymandering; race cannot be the sole or predominant factor in redrawing legislative boundaries; majority-minority districts

Front 36

US v. Lopez (1995)

Back 36

Gun Free School Zones Act exceeded Congress' authority to regulate interstate commerce

Front 37

Clinton v. NY (1998)

Back 37

Banned presidential use of line item veto

Front 38

Bush v. Gore (2000)

Back 38

Use of 14th Amendment's equal protection clause to stop the Florida recount in the election of 2000

Front 39

Zelman v. Simmons-Harris (02)

Back 39

Public money can be used to send disadvantaged children to religious schools in tuition voucher programs

Front 40

Ashcroft v. ACLU (2002)

Back 40

Struck down a federal ban on "vitrual" child pronography

Front 41

Lawrence v. Texas (2003)

Back 41

Using right of privacy, struck down Texas law banning sodomy

Front 42

Gratz v. Bollinger (2003)

Back 42

Struck down use of "bonus points" for race in undergrad admissions at University of Michigan

Front 43

Kelo v. City of New London (2005)

Back 43

Eminent domain case: Local governments may force the sale of private property and make way for private economic development when officials decide it would benefit the public

Front 44

Gonzalez v. Carhart (2007)

Back 44

upheld Partial Birth Abortion Ban ACt of 2003

Front 45

Oregon v. Smith (2007)

Back 45

Employment Division of Oregon- free exercise of religion. Denied because it was generic (no drugs) not just Native American and Peyote(?). Not singling them out.