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47 Cards in this Set

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Industrialist who epitomized the close relationship between gov't and industry in the West. His shipyards, financed by government loans and bolstered by cost-plus gov't contracts, employed close to 300,000 Californians
Henry J. Kaiser
Controversial 1854 legislation that opened KN and NE to white settlement, repealed the Compromise of 1820, and led opponents to form the Republican party
Kansas-Nebraska Act
After an early public life as a committed Cold Warrior, __________ ran for the Democratic nomination in 1968 as a peace candidate representative of young liberals. His assassination whie on the campaign trail helped create the disenchantment of many young Americans with the political process
Robert Kennedy
Personable Soviet premier during Eisenhower's presidential term. He condemned Stalin's purges and welcomed a melting of the Cold War, although he crushed a 1956 democratic uprising in Hungary
Nikita Khrushchev
The national security advisor to President Nixon, the Harvard-educated Jewish immigrant was a staunch anti-Communist. He was Nixon's closest associate on matters of foreign policy
Henry Kissinger
A labor organization founded in 1869, it called for the unity of all workers, rejected industrial capitalism, and favored cooperatively owned businesses but was discredited by such labor violence as the Haymarket Square riot and did not survive the depression of the 1890s
Knights of Labor
An anti-foreign, anti-Catholic political party that arose following massive Irish and Catholic immigration during the late 1840s. This party replaced the Whigs as the second largest party in New England and some other states between 1853 and 1856
Know Nothing Party
A secret organization founded in the S'ern states during Reconstruction to terrorize and intimidate former slaves and prevent them from voting or holding public office. Officially disbanded in 1869, a second anti-black, anti-Catholic, and anti-Semitic group emerged in 1915 that aimed to preserve "Americanism"
Ku Klux Klan
An economic theory based upon the ideas of Adam Smith, it contended that in a free economy self-interest would lead individuals to act in ways that benefited society as a whole and therefore gov't should not intervene
Laissez-faire
Bold foreign policy put forth by Henry Cabot Lodge and others, advocating a canal through the Central American isthmus and a strong American naval presence in the Caribbean and Pacific
Large Policy
Point Fourteen of Wilson's Fourteen Points, the proposal to establish an international organization to guarantee the territorial integrity of independent nations
League of Nations
The program by which the US provided arms and supplies to Allies in WWII before joining the fighting
Lend-Lease Act
An antislavery political party founded in 1839
Liberty Party
Rising to power in Hawaii in 1891, she initiated a strong anti-American policy. Her overthrow in 1893 by white islanders paved the way for ultimate American annexation in 1897
Queen Liluokalani
Conflict in 1957 when governor Orval Faubus sent the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the racial integration of Little Rock's Central High School. After a crucial delay, President Eisenhower federalized the Nat'l Guard troops and sent in 1000 paratroopers to foster the school's integration
Little Rock Crisis
The view that the nat'l gov't has the power to create agencies or enact statutes to fulfill the powers granted by the US Constitution
Loose Interpretation
The leader of the Haitian Revolution
Toussaint Louverture
This informal group of pro-colonial rights leaders in Boston helped organize resistance against unwanted British policies, such as the Stamp Act. Working with more visible popular leaders like Samuel Adams and street leaders like Ebenezer Mackintosh, this group both planned and gave overall direction to controlled violent protests in defying the imperial will and protecting the community's interests in Boston during the 1760s
Loyal Nine
British ship carrying American passengers sunk by a German submarine on May 15, 1915
Lusitania
Bold, arrogant American general celebrated for his successful amphibious invasion at Inchon, on North Korea's forces' rear. His subsequent invasion into North Korea stalled, and President Truman removed him from command after his inflammatory, egomaniacal criticisms of America's containment policy
General Douglas MacArthur
An attempt to stop British and French interference with American trade
Mason's Bill No. 2
The Father of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights and co-founder of the Jeffersonian Republican party, _________ served as president during the War of 1812
James Madison
Spokesman for the Nation of Islam, a black religious and political organization that advocated black-owned businesses and castigated "white devils". He achieved notoriety as a public speaker and recruiter of boxer Muhammad Ali to the organization. He left the Nation of Islam in 1964 to form the Organization of Afro-American Unity in 1964, and was assassinated in 1965
Malcolm X
The secret gov't program to develop an atomic bomb during WWII
Manhattan Project
The early nineteenth century's leading educational reformer, headed the fight for gov't support for public schools in Massachusetts
Horace Mann
The freeing or emancipation of chattel slaves by their owners, which became more common in the upper South in the wake of so much talk during the American Revolution about human liberty. George Washington was among those planters who provided for the ________ of his slaves after the death of his wife Martha
Manumission
An organization formed in 1890 from two factions of the suffrage movement, it sought a constitutional amendment to grant women the right to vote throughout the nation, eventually leading to the Nineteenth Amendment
National Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
Organization established in 1909 to fight for African-American civil rights through legal action
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
Law that restricted immigration to 2% for any given nationality, based on the total amounts from the 1890 census. Use of the 1890 census effectively restricted immigrants from eastern and southern Europe
National Origins Act of 1924
The federal gov't's plan to revive industry during the Great Depression through rational planning
National Recovery Administration (NRA)
1956 legislation creating national highway system of 41,000 miles, costing $26 billion and taking 13 years to construct. It solidified the central role of the automobile in American culture
National System of Interstate and Defense Highways Act
These revolutionary leaders favored a stronger national gov't than the one provided for in the Articles of Confederation. They believed that only a powerful nat'l gov't, rather than self-serving states, could deal effectively with the many vexing problems besetting the new nation. George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison were prominent _________
Nationalists
A backlash against immigration by white native-born Protestants. _______ could be based on racial prejudice (professors and scientists sometimes classified Eastern Europeans as innately inferior), religion (Protestants distrusted Catholics and Jews), politics (immigrants were often associated with radical political philosophies), and economics (labor leaders resented competition).
Nativism
Literary style of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, where the individual was seen as a helpless victim in a world in which biological, social and psychological forces determined his or her fate
Naturalism
To effect mercantilist goals, King and Parliament legislated a series of Navigation Acts (1651, 1660, 1663, 1673, 1696) that established England as the central hub of trade in its emerging empire. Various rules of trade, as embodied in the Navigation Acts, made it clear that England's colonies in the Americas existed first and foremost to serve the parent nation's economic interests, regardless of what was best for the colonists
Navigation System
US policy of impartiality during WWI & II
Neutrality
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's program designed to bring about economic recovery and reform during the Great Depression
New Deal
As the Great Awakening spread during the 1730s and 1740s, various religious groups fractured into two camps, sometimes known as the New Lights and Old Lights. The _________ placed emphasis on a "new birth" conversion experience - gaining God's saving grace. They also demanded ministers who had clearly experienced conversions about themselves.
New Lights
President Eisenhower's adjustment to the doctrine of containment. He advocated saving money by emphasizing nuclear over conventional weapons, on the premise that the next major world conflict would be nuclear
The New Look
The ideology following Reconstruction that the South could be restored to its previous glory through a diversified economy, it was used to rally S'erners and convince outside investors to underwrite regional industrialization by extolling the resources, labor supply, and racial harmony of the South
New South
Passed in 1920, the Constitutional guarantee of women's right to vote
Nineteenth Amendment
President Nixon argued for "Vietnamization," the notion that the South Vietnamese would carry more of the war's combat burden. This plan never reached full realization because of the South Vietnamese inability to carry on the war effort without American troops
Nixon Doctrine
An 1809 statute which replaced the Embargo of 1807. It forbade trade with Britain, France and their possessions, but reopened trade with other countries
Non-Intercourse Act
Religious dissenters from England who wanted to purify, rather than separate from, what they viewed as the corrupted, state-supported Anglican church, or Church of England. By and large, the Puritans were _________, and some of them banded together to form a utopian community of believers in America. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was to be a model society that would show how godly societies and churches were to be properly organized
Nonseparatists
During the Age of Exploration, adventurers from England, France and the Netherlands kept seeking an all-water route across North America. the goal was to gain access to Oriental material goods and riches while avoiding contact with the developing Spanish empire farther to the south in Central and South America
Northwest Passage
Influential National Security Council document arguing communism was a monolithic world movement directed from the Kremlin and advocating a massive military buildup to counteract the encroachment of communism
NSC-68
The doctrine, devised by John C. Calhoun, that a state has the power to nullify a federal legislation within its borders
Nullification