Apr - History & Current Issues (2% Of Cbe)

Front 1

Seedbed Era

Back 1

1900 - 1916
Public Be Informed - muckraking, social reform, unions
Defensive publicity
Key PR Figures:
Ivy Lee - Full disclosure & tell the truth
Pres. Theodore Roosevelt - bully pulpit

Front 2

WW I

Back 2

1917-1918
Public be informed. War to end all wars
Organized promotion. Promote patriotism. Use interest groups
Key PR Figure:
George Creel - the Four Minutement

Front 3

Booming Twenties Era

Back 3

1919-19029
Mutual Understanding
Promoting products. WWI publicity techniques used for social science
Key PR Figures:
Edward L. Bernays: Crystalizing Public Opinion
Arthur Page: Performance = Reputation

Front 4

Roosevelt Era & WWII

Back 4

1930-1945
Mutual Understanding. Depression. WWII
Mass media use. Social Responsibility
Key PR Figures:
Louis McHenry Howe - Responsible Performance, Persuasive Publicity
Elmer Davis - Office of War Information
President Franklin D. Roosevelt: Fireside Chats

Front 5

Post War Era

Back 5

1946- 1964
Mutual Adjustment. Professionalism. Post-war service economy. Consumerism.
Credibility. ASSOCIATIONS FORM - INCLUDING PRSA
Code of Ethics written. Colleges establish curricula
TV Importance

Front 6

Period of Protest & Empowerment

Back 6

1965 - 1985
Mutual Adjustment
Accommodation. Systems Theory. Management by Objectives (MBO). Functional vs functionary approach. Technology increasing.
Key PR Figures:
Marshal McLuhan - Understanding Media; global village; the medium is the message

Front 7

Digital Age & Globalism

Back 7

1986 to Present
Mutual Adjustment
Constant Technological Connections. International relationships. Organizational transparency.

Front 8

Historical Aspects of PR:
PR Model: Press Agentry

Back 8

Pre-Seedbed Era (pre-1900s)
Public-be-Damned
PT Barnum

Front 9

Historical Aspects of PR:
PR Model: Public Information

Back 9

Seedbed Era (1900-1916)
Public-be-informed
Ivy Lee

Front 10

Historical Aspects of PR:
PR Model: Two-Way Asymmetric

Back 10

WWI (1917-1918)
Booming Twenties (1919-1929)
Roosevelt & WWII (1930-1945)
Mutual Adjustment
Edward Bernays
Arthur Page

Front 11

Historical Aspects of PR:
PR Model: Two-Way Symmetric

Back 11

Postwar Boom (1946-1964)
Period of Protest & Empowerment (1965-1985)
Digital Age & Globalization (1986 - present)
Mutual Adjustment
Arthur Page
Scott Cutlip
Allen Center

Front 12

Publicity Bureau

Back 12

Nation's first publicity firm, forerunner to today's PR firm, used tools of fact-finding, publicity and personal contact to saturate media with RAILROAD PROPAGANDA

Front 13

Samuel Adams

Back 13

ORGANIZATION: Sons of Liberty, Committees of Correspondence. Symbols: Liberty Tree.
SLOGAN: Taxation without Representation
STAGED EVENT: Boston Tea Party

Front 14

George Creel

Back 14

Chairman of the Committee on Public Information during WWI. Understood the power of PUBLICITY to mobilize the public. Started the FOUR MINUTEMEN (a network of 75,000 civic leaders covering 3,000 counties nationwide) and CREATED SPOKESPERSONS from key interest groups such as lawyers, actors, journalists and teachers. Used PERSUASIVE TACTICS to dehumanize the enemy. Master at mobilizing public opinion.

Front 15

Elmer Davis

Back 15

Director of the Office of War Information during WWII TWO. Pioneered widespread use of radio, HOLLYWOOD and media to PUBLICIZEd the war effort.

Front 16

Rex Harlow

Back 16

Founded the "American Counsel on Public Relations" that ultimately became the PRSA through mergers with other public relations organizations (1947).

Front 17

Louis McHenry Howe

Back 17

Long-time public relations advisor to FRANKLIN D. Roosevelt. Recognized that mutually beneficial public relationships could be built only by COUPLING RESPONSIBLE PERFORMANCE with PERSUASIVE PUBLICITY. (1936)

Front 18

Amos Kendall

Back 18

Key member of PRESIDENT JACKSON's kitchen cabinet. Excelled at CREATING EVENTS TO MOLD PUBLIC OPINION. Pollster, Ghostwriter, publicist. (1820s-30s)

Front 19

Ivy Lee

Back 19

Author: "Declaration of Principles": Supply news and ensure company's work is done in the open. Provide accurate information and not advertising; work with media to respond promptly to requests for info. AMONG THE FIRST TO RECOGNIZE PUBLICITY NEEDS TO BE SUPPORTED BY GOOD WORKS. Performance determines the publicity a client gets. Used testimonials, and advised clients to make full disclosure, tell the truth, and convince management to do the same. (1900s) His practice and preachments made PR an occupation. Director of the railroad's PUBLICITY BUREAU. Laid the groundwork for contemporary practice. Sadly, also accused to be Hitler press agent in his last days.

Front 20

Arthur Page

Back 20

AT&T Vice President who helped set the standard for corporate PR. Said a company's performance would be determined by its public reputation. (1927). PIONEER that shaped today's practices. His precepts and principles promoted by the Arthur W. Page Society

Front 21

Theodore N. Vail

Back 21

Laid the public acceptance and public policy foundations for the nations telephone systems. Pioneered corporate public relations with AT&T. Understood the necessity for improving relationships between corporations and the public (1883).

Front 22

THEODORE Roosevelt

Back 22

First president to exploit news media as a new and powerful tool of presidential leadership.

Front 23

George Westinghosue

Back 23

Created first corporate public relations department (1889)

Front 24

Edward L. Bernays

Back 24

Wrote "Crystallizing Public Opinion" - first book on PR (1923). COINED the term PUBLIC RELATIONS COUNSEL with wife Doris Fleischman. Taught FIRST COURSE in PR at New York Univ. FIRST to call himself PUBLIC RELATIONS PROFESSIONAL. He said GOOD PR counsel recognizes CHANGES in an Org's social setting and advises clients on how the Org should change to establish a common meeting ground. AMONG THE FIRST TO ADVOCATE LICENSURE. REFERRED TO AS THE FATHER OF PR.