Appsychology Vocab Quiz 1

Front 1

A way to examine hereditary versus environmental contributions.

Back 1

Adoption Studies

Front 2

APA Ethical Guidelines

Back 2

Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
Fidelity and Responsibility
Integrity
Justice
Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity

Front 3

Case Studies

Back 3

A longitudinal and cross sectional way of researching. An example would be Genie.

Front 4

Central Tendency (the 3 Ms)

Back 4

The typical value of a set of data. The mean, median, and mode.

Front 5

Correlational Coefficient

Back 5

The measure of statistical association from -1 to 0 to +1.

Front 6

Cross- Sectional

Back 6

research that indicates a diverse sampling of subjects of various ages at a given time.

Front 7

Dependent Variable

Back 7

The outcome response or atrribute that varies as a consequence of variation in one or more independent variables.

Front 8

Double Blind

Back 8

both the experimenter and the patient don't know if the patient is receving a placebo.

Front 9

Experiment

Back 9

An investigation of cause and effect relationships through the control of variables and the careful manipulation of one or more particular variables, to note their outcome effects on other variables.

Front 10

Fixed Interval Schedule

Back 10

a schedule of operant conditioning in which reinforcement always occurs after the passage of a certain amount of time, as long as the operant response has occured at least once during the particular period of time.

Front 11

Hawthorne Effect

Back 11

the tendency of some people to work harder and perform better when they are participants in an experiment.

Front 12

Illusory Correlation

Back 12

An inferred perception of a relation between unrelated variables, usually arising becuase the instances in which the variables coincide seem more noticable than the instances in which they dont.

Front 13

Independent Variable

Back 13

An attribute that is individually manipulated by the experimentor, while other aspects are held constant.

Front 14

Informed Consent

Back 14

Experimental participants are briefed prior to the implementation of the experiment and are fully informed of the nature of the nature of the treatment procedure and any possible harmful side effects and consequences.

Front 15

Longitudinal Study

Back 15

Study that follows one group of individuals over many years.

Front 16

Naturalistic Observation

Back 16

A method in which the researcher goes out into the field to record the behavior of people engaged in their daily lives.

Front 17

Negative Correlation

Back 17

A relationship between two attributes in which an increase in one results in a decrease in the other.

Front 18

Percentiles

Back 18

A value used in describing a score, indicating the proportion of persons whos score falls below a given score, multiplied by 100.

Front 19

Placebo Effect

Back 19

People's belief in the efficacy of the treatment result in the improvement of behavior.

Front 20

Positive Correlation

Back 20

A relationship between to attributes in which the increase in one results in the increase in the other.

Front 21

Random Assignment

Back 21

Participants are randomly placed in the experimental or control group.

Front 22

Random Sample

Back 22

Participants are chosen at random from the population.

Front 23

Reliability

Back 23

The dependabilty of an experimental procedure, indicating that the procedure consistently yields the same results, as long as the procedure is administered in the same way each time.

Front 24

Replicable

Back 24

As the ability to be repeated

Front 25

Standard deviation

Back 25

The statistical measurement of dispersion, indicating the degree to which a set of values typically deviates from the mean value for the set.

Front 26

Surveys

Back 26

A method of research in which the researcher records peoples responses to questions regarding their beliefs and opinions \.

Front 27

Validity

Back 27

The extent to which a given form of measurement measures what it is supposed to measure.

Front 28

Variance

Back 28

the degree to which a set of values typically deviates from the mean value for the set.

Front 29

Acetylcholine (Ach) (Ace the Athlete)

Back 29

A neurotransmitter present in the CNS and the peripheral nervous system. May affect memory. Is involved in muscle contractions in the body.

Front 30

Action Potential

Back 30

A change in the electrochemical balance inside and outside a neuron that occurs when positivley and negatively charged ions quickly flood across the the neuronal membrane. Occurs when the electrochemical stimulation reaches or exceeds the threshold of excitation.

Front 31

Afferent

Back 31

A neuron that brings information into a structure.

Front 32

Amygdala (Amy is Angry)

Back 32

The portion of the brain that plays a role in anger and aggression.

Front 33

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) (Automatic)

Back 33

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the movement of nonskeletal muscles over which people have little to no voluntary control over.

Front 34

Broca's Area

Back 34

An area in the left hemisphere of the brain that contributes to speech.

Front 35

Bouchard

Back 35

A psychologist well known for his adoption studies.

Front 36

Computerized Axial Tomogram (CAT)

Back 36

an X-ray based technique that produces pictures of cross sectional slices of the living brain. Usually used to detect blood clots, tumors, or brain diseases.

Front 37

Corpus Callosum

Back 37

Nerve fibers that connect the two hemispheres, allowing transmission of information.

Front 38

Cortisol

Back 38

Hormone produced by the adrenal gland in response to stress to increase blood sugar.

Front 39

Dopamine (Daphne the Dancer had a lot of Dopamine)

Back 39

A neurotransmitter that influences movement, attention, and learning. Deficits are linked to parkinsons but surpluses are linked to schizophrenia.

Front 40

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Back 40

A recording of the electrical activity of the living brain, as detected by various electrodes.

Front 41

Efferent

Back 41

The neurons and nerves that transmit motor information either from the brain through the spinal cord to the muscles or directly from the spinal cord to the muscles.

Front 42

Endocrine system

Back 42

A communication network that operates via glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream.

Front 43

Endorphins

Back 43

Opiods that function like neurotransmitters. when released into the body it provides a sense of well being.

Front 44

Functional Magnetic Resonanc Imaging (fMRI)

Back 44

Uses a magnetic field and radio waves to look at blood flow in the brain to detect areas of activity.

Front 45

Frontal Lobe

Back 45

A region of the cerebral cortex that is responsible for motor processing and higher thought processes.

Front 46

Phineas Gage

Back 46

One of the earliest cases of severe brain injury. Suffered personality changes afterwards.

Front 47

Gazzagina

Back 47

declared that the left and right hemispheres of the brain opperate independently of one another.

Front 48

Glial Cells

Back 48

Nourishes,, supports, and positions neurons within the CNS, functioning as a glue that holds the CNS together. Helps to minimize miscommunication problems.

Front 49

Hippocampus

Back 49

A portion of the limbic system that plays an essential role in the formation of new memories.

Front 50

Hormones

Back 50

Chemical substance secreated by one or more glands, which regulates many physiological processes through specific actions on cells, fosters the growth and proliferation of cells, and may affect the wat a receptive cell goes about its activities.

Front 51

Efferent

Back 51

The neurons and nerves that transmit motor information either from the brain through the spinal cord to the muscles or directly from the spinal cord to the muscles.

Front 52

Endocrine system

Back 52

A communication network that operates via glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream.

Front 53

Endorphins

Back 53

Opiods that function like neurotransmitters. when released into the body it provides a sense of well being.

Front 54

Functional Magnetic Resonanc Imaging (fMRI)

Back 54

Uses a magnetic field and radio waves to look at blood flow in the brain to detect areas of activity.

Front 55

Frontal Lobe

Back 55

A region of the cerebral cortex that is responsible for motor processing and higher thought processes.

Front 56

Phineas Gage

Back 56

One of the earliest cases of severe brain injury. Suffered personality changes afterwards.

Front 57

Gazzagina

Back 57

declared that the left and right hemispheres of the brain opperate independently of one another.

Front 58

Glial Cells

Back 58

Nourishes,, supports, and positions neurons within the CNS, functioning as a glue that holds the CNS together. Helps to minimize miscommunication problems.

Front 59

Hippocampus

Back 59

A portion of the limbic system that plays an essential role in the formation of new memories.

Front 60

Hormones

Back 60

Chemical substance secreated by one or more glands, which regulates many physiological processes through specific actions on cells, fosters the growth and proliferation of cells, and may affect the wat a receptive cell goes about its activities.