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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Appraisal |
the process of assessing or estimating attributes
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subjective test
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relies on scorer's input
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objective test
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rater plays no part in the scoring process
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free choice test
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example: short answer test
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forced choice test
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multiple choice/recognition items
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difficulty index
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indicates the percentage of individuals who answered each item correctly
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true/false tests
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are dichotomous meaning that you have two opposing choices
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ipsative measures
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compare traits within the same individual, does not reveal absolute strengths
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normative measures
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means that each item is independent of all of the other items , people who take normative tests can legitimately be compared to others.
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speed test
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set up so no one finishes, ex, a timed typing test
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power test
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designed to evaluate the level of mastery without a time limit
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spiral test
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items get progressively more difficult
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cyclical test
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several sections that get more difficult
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validity mean...
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the test measures what it says it measures
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content validity
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rational or logical validity, does the test examine the behavior under scrutiny?
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construct validity
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a test's ability to measure a theoretical construct like intelligence, self esteem, artistic talent, mechanical ability or managerial potential
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concurrent validity
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how well the test compares to other instruments that are intended for the same purpose
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predictive validity
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empirical validity, reflects the test's ability to predict future behavior according to established criteria.
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consequential validity
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tries to ascertain the social implications of using tests
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physical measurements are ...
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more reliable than psychological measurements (the scale is ore accurate than the psych tests
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any trait you can not directly measure or observe example ego/intelligence etc
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construct validity
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face validity
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the extent that a test looks or appears to measure the intended attribute
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a reliable test is ....
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NOT always valid
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a valid test is ...
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ALWAYs reliable
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test-retest reliability
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to give the same test to the same group of people two times and then to correlate the scores, only valid for traits that remain stable over time and are not altered by mood, memory or practice effects
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equivalent or alternate forms reliability
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to give the same population alternate forms of the identical test with the same psychometric properties
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split half method
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to split a test in half using the even items as one test and the off items as the second test and then correlating them
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interrater/interobserver
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reliability testing called scorer reliability...good for essay testing
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reliability coefficient of 1.00 indicates
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a perfect score which has no error
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an excellent test would have a reliability coefficient of ...
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.90%, taking into account 10% of the score that is indicative of error
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coefficient of determination
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to demonstrate variance of one factor accounted for by another you merely square the correlation
,70 X.70 = .49 x100= 49% |
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Francis Galton
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felt intelligence was a single or so called unitary factor that was normally distributed and primarily genetic.
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fluid intelligence
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flexible , culture free, and adjusts to the situation
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crystalized intelligence
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rigid and does not change or adapt
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JP Guilford
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isolated 120 factors which add up to intelligence, convergent and divergent thinking
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Kuder Richardson coefficients of equivalence
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measures the internal consistency reliability (homogeneity) of a test without dividing the test in half
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Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
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created the first intelligence test to discriminate the normal from retarded Parisian children
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Stanford Binet IQ test
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is a standardized measure because the scoring and the administration procedures are well delineated.
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IQ stands for
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Intelligence Quotient
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MA/CA x 100 is the formula for...
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IQ
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Today IQ formula has been replaced by
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the SAS- standard age score
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entropy
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family systems theory that means that dysfunctional families are either too open or too closed
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Wechsler IQ test
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more suited for adults
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WPPSI III
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Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of intelligence for children 2 years, 6 months to 7 years 3months
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WAIS-III
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Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
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Merrill-Palmer
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an intelligence test for infants
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Group IQ tests
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are quicker to administer, began with the Army Alpha and Army Beta in the World War I
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culture-faire test
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items are known to the subject regardless of his or her, all tests have to have been normed on a specific culture before they can be tested
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John Ertl
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claimed he invented a machine to analyze neural efficiency and to take the place of the paper and pencil IQ test
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Raymond B. Cattrell
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responsible for fluid and crystalized intelligence
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Arthur Jensen
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suggested that people are generically closer, more alike than their IQ scores
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Robert Williams
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created the Black intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity to demonstrate that blacks often excelled when given a test laden with questions familiar to the Black Community
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MMPI-2
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a standardized personality test, self report personality inventory
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psychometric
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any form of mental testing
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in a projective test the client is shown...
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neutral stimuli
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Association
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what comes to mind when you look at this ink blot?
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completion
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Complete these sentences with real feelings
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Construction
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such as drawing
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16 Personality Factors (PF) questionnaire
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Raymond Cattrell, suitable for persons 16 years and older, measures key personality factors such as assertiveness, emotional maturity, and shrewdness, factor-analytic test or inventory not theory based
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Oscar K Buros
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is noted fro his Mental Measurements Yearbook, the first major publication to review available tests
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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator reflects the work of...
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Carl Jung
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The counselor who favors projective measures would most likely be a
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psychodynamic clinician
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an aptitude test
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is to test potential
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an achievement test
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is to test what is learned
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Rorschach and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) are
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projective tests
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Rorschach Test
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uses 10 inkblot cards
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TAT
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consists of 30 card plus one blank card, uses pictures
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test bias primarily results from
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a test being normed solely on White middle-class clients
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Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test
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names after Lauretta Bender, an expressive projective measure to discern whether brain damager, is evident
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An interest inventory would be least valid when...
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used with used with some one who are under high school age and whose interests are not extremely stable.
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Interests become more stable...
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around the age of 25
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One problem with interest inventories is that...
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they emphasize professional positions and minimize blue collar jobs
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Interest inventories are positive in the fact that they are...
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reliable and not threatening to the test take
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AMECD
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Association for Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development
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NCE is a ...
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achievement test
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GATB and O*Net are...
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aptitude tests
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social desirability
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trying to answer a question in a socially acceptable manner
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aptitude tests
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predicts future behavior
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achievement test
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what have you mastered or learned
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GRE
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attempts to predict graduate school performance but also tests your level of knowledge
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standard error of measurement
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tells you how accurate or inaccurate a test score is
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increasing a test's length...
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raises its reliability (Spearman Brown formula)
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reactive effect of self monitoring
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clients will often give inaccurate answers because they don't want to disappoint their therapist which is why counselors stay away from self reports
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A clinical psychologist
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would give the Rorschach Inkblot test
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a journal of irrational thoughts would be a |
an informal assessment technique
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Most counselors agree that people need to understand that tests
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have limitations and are falliable
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checklists or journals are
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informal methods of appraisal
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a word association test is a
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projective or self expressive
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Infant IQ scores are
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more unreliable then those given later in life
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Public Law 93-380, the Buckley Amendment
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says that a person over 18 can inspect their own records and the records of their children
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The Family Education Rights and Privacy Act
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states that information cannot be released without adult consent
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Lewis Terman
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Americanized the Binet IQ test, now the Stanford-Binet
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